Review Article
Volume 10 Issue 8 - 2022
Is there a Vaccine for HIV on the Horizon? What we've Learned thus Far from the Literature Review
Navpreet Singh1, Harnoor Singh Sandhu2*, Naginder Pal Singh3, Diljot Singh Bedi4, Kanwar Shabaz Singh Sandhu5 and Avineet Kaur6
1Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Gian Sagar Medical Hospital Banur, Rajpura, Punjab, India
2Emergency Medical Officer, Department of Emergency, Gian Sagar Medical Hospital Banur, Rajpura, Punjab, India
3MBBS Intern, Government Multi Speciality Hospital, Chandigarh, India
4Senior Consultant, Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Fortis Hospital Mohali, Punjab, India
5PG Student, Department of Paediatrics, Narayan Medical College and Hospital Sasaram Jamuhar, Bihar, India
6Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Swami Devi Dyal Dental College and Hospital Golpura, Barwala, Haryana, India
*Corresponding Author: Harnoor Singh Sandhu, Emergency Medical Officer, Department of Emergency, Gian Sagar Medical Hospital Banur, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
Received: May 21, 2022; Published: July 29, 2022



Abstract

AIDS and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have risen to the status of main causes of death and disease morbidity in the developed world since their discovery in the early 1980s. In light of the first discovery and more than 78 million individuals have contracted the disease, and more than 39 million people have died from AIDS-related complications. Since the peak in 2005, AIDSrelated mortality have decreased by 35 percent. There have been six human trials of HIV vaccine effectiveness. In spite of the fact that there are numerous effective prevention and treatment options, researchers have long been enthusiastic about HIV vaccine as the ultimate solution for HIV prevention and control. AIDS was found to be caused by HIV. It's been announced that an AIDS vaccine would be tested within two years by the United States' HHS Secretary Margaret Heckler.

Keywords: AIDS; HIV-1; Six Human Trials; Future Directions; Challenges Faced

References

  1. Rubens M., et al. “HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions”. Journal of Immunology Research (2015): 560347.
  2. Pollara J., et al. “Lessons Learned from Human HIV Vaccine Trials”. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS3 (2017): 216-221.
  3. History of HIV Vaccine Research | NIH: National Institute of Allergy (2022).
  4. Escolano A., et al. “Progress Toward Active or Passive HIV-1 Vaccination”. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1 (2016): 3-16.
  5. Casazza JP., et al. “Therapeutic Vaccination Expands and Improves the Function of the HIV-Specific Memory T-Cell Repertoire”. The Journal of Infectious Diseases12 (2013): 1829-1840.
  6. Shu J., et al. “Designing Peptide-Based HIV Vaccine for Chinese”. BioMed Research International (2014): 272950.
  7. Moodley N., et al. “The Case for Adolescent HIV Vaccination in South Africa”. Medicine4 (2016): e2528.
  8. “MRNA Vaccines Offer Hope for HIV”. Nature Medicine (2022).
  9. Hudgens M., et al. “Power to Detect the Effects of HIV Vaccination in Repeated Low‐Dose Challenge Experiments”. The Journal of Infectious Diseases4 (2009): 609-613.
  10. Song XT., et al. “An Alternative and Effective HIV Vaccination Approach Based on Inhibition of Antigen Presentation Attenuators in Dendritic Cells”. PLoS Medicine1 (2006): e0030011.
  11. Kerneis S., et al. “Long-Term Immune Responses to Vaccination in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Clinical Infectious Diseases8 (2014): 1130-1139.
  12. Cram JA., et al. “Human Gut Microbiota Is Associated With HIV-Reactive Immunoglobulin at Baseline and Following HIV Vaccination”. PLOS ONE12 (2019): e0225622.
  13. Klatt NR., et al. “Effects of Persistent Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota on SIV/HIV Vaccination in Rhesus Macaques”. Npj Vaccines 6 (2021): 34.
  14. Hargrave A., et al. “Current Status of HIV-1 Vaccines”. Vaccines9 (2021): 1026.
Citation: Harnoor Singh Sandhu., et al. “Is there a Vaccine for HIV on the Horizon? What we've Learned thus Far from the Literature Review”. EC Pharmacology and Toxicology 10.8 (2022): 01-08.

PubMed Indexed Article

EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
LC-UV-MS and MS/MS Characterize Glutathione Reactivity with Different Isomers (2,2' and 2,4' vs. 4,4') of Methylene Diphenyl-Diisocyanate.

PMID: 31143884 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6536005


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Alzheimer's Pathogenesis, Metal-Mediated Redox Stress, and Potential Nanotheranostics.

PMID: 31565701 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6764777


EC Neurology
Differences in Rate of Cognitive Decline and Caregiver Burden between Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia: a Retrospective Study.

PMID: 27747317 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5065347


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Will Blockchain Technology Transform Healthcare and Biomedical Sciences?

PMID: 31460519 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6711478


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Is it a Prime Time for AI-powered Virtual Drug Screening?

PMID: 30215059 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6133253


EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Analysis of Evidence for the Combination of Pro-dopamine Regulator (KB220PAM) and Naltrexone to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder Relapse.

PMID: 30417173 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6226033


EC Anaesthesia
Arrest Under Anesthesia - What was the Culprit? A Case Report.

PMID: 30264037 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6155992


EC Orthopaedics
Distraction Implantation. A New Technique in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Direct Skeletal Attachment.

PMID: 30198026 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6124505


EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine
Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults aged 40-79: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012.

PMID: 30294723 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6169793


EC Dental Science
Important Dental Fiber-Reinforced Composite Molding Compound Breakthroughs

PMID: 29285526 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5743211


EC Microbiology
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among HIV Infected and HIV Uninfected Patients Treated at the 1o De Maio Health Centre in Maputo, Mozambique

PMID: 29911204 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5999047


EC Microbiology
Macrophages and the Viral Dissemination Super Highway

PMID: 26949751 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC4774560


EC Microbiology
The Microbiome, Antibiotics, and Health of the Pediatric Population.

PMID: 27390782 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC4933318


EC Microbiology
Reactive Oxygen Species in HIV Infection

PMID: 28580453 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5450819


EC Microbiology
A Review of the CD4 T Cell Contribution to Lung Infection, Inflammation and Repair with a Focus on Wheeze and Asthma in the Pediatric Population

PMID: 26280024 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC4533840


EC Neurology
Identifying Key Symptoms Differentiating Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome from Multiple Sclerosis

PMID: 28066845 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5214344


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Paradigm Shift is the Normal State of Pharmacology

PMID: 28936490 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5604476


EC Neurology
Examining those Meeting IOM Criteria Versus IOM Plus Fibromyalgia

PMID: 28713879 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5510658


EC Neurology
Unilateral Frontosphenoid Craniosynostosis: Case Report and a Review of the Literature

PMID: 28133641 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5267489


EC Ophthalmology
OCT-Angiography for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Neuronal and Vascular Structure in Mouse Retina: Implication for Characterization of Retinal Neurovascular Coupling

PMID: 29333536 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5766278


EC Neurology
Longer Duration of Downslope Treadmill Walking Induces Depression of H-Reflexes Measured during Standing and Walking.

PMID: 31032493 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6483108


EC Microbiology
Onchocerciasis in Mozambique: An Unknown Condition for Health Professionals.

PMID: 30957099 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6448571


EC Nutrition
Food Insecurity among Households with and without Podoconiosis in East and West Gojjam, Ethiopia.

PMID: 30101228 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6086333


EC Ophthalmology
REVIEW. +2 to +3 D. Reading Glasses to Prevent Myopia.

PMID: 31080964 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6508883


EC Gynaecology
Biomechanical Mapping of the Female Pelvic Floor: Uterine Prolapse Versus Normal Conditions.

PMID: 31093608 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6513001


EC Dental Science
Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Breakthrough in Practical Clinical Applications with Advanced Wear Resistance for Dental Materials.

PMID: 31552397 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6758937


EC Microbiology
Neurocysticercosis in Child Bearing Women: An Overlooked Condition in Mozambique and a Potentially Missed Diagnosis in Women Presenting with Eclampsia.

PMID: 31681909 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6824723


EC Microbiology
Molecular Detection of Leptospira spp. in Rodents Trapped in the Mozambique Island City, Nampula Province, Mozambique.

PMID: 31681910 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6824726


EC Neurology
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Cross-Talk in Neurodegenerative and Eye Diseases.

PMID: 31528859 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6746603


EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Can Chronic Consumption of Caffeine by Increasing D2/D3 Receptors Offer Benefit to Carriers of the DRD2 A1 Allele in Cocaine Abuse?

PMID: 31276119 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6604646


EC Anaesthesia
Real Time Locating Systems and sustainability of Perioperative Efficiency of Anesthesiologists.

PMID: 31406965 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6690616


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
A Pilot STEM Curriculum Designed to Teach High School Students Concepts in Biochemical Engineering and Pharmacology.

PMID: 31517314 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6741290


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Toxic Mechanisms Underlying Motor Activity Changes Induced by a Mixture of Lead, Arsenic and Manganese.

PMID: 31633124 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6800226


EC Neurology
Research Volunteers' Attitudes Toward Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.

PMID: 29662969 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5898812


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.

PMID: 30215058 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6133268


News and Events

March Issue Release

We always feel pleasure to share our updates with you all. Here, notifying you that we have successfully released the March issue of respective journals and the latest articles can be viewed on the current issue pages.

Submission Deadline for Upcoming Issue

ECronicon delightfully welcomes all the authors around the globe for effective collaboration with an article submission for the upcoming issue of respective journals. Submissions are accepted on/before April 03, 2023.

Certificate of Publication

ECronicon honors with a "Publication Certificate" to the corresponding author by including the names of co-authors as a token of appreciation for publishing the work with our respective journals.

Best Article of the Issue

Editors of respective journals will always be very much interested in electing one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of the selected article will be honored with a "Best Article of the Issue" certificate.

Certifying for Review

ECronicon certifies the Editors for their first review done towards the assigned article of the respective journals.

Latest Articles

The latest articles will be updated immediately on the articles in press page of the respective journals.