Literature Review
Volume 10 Issue 11 - 2021
Full Validation of a New Formula Estimating the Smoking Economic Burden by Morbidity
Fé Fernández Hernández* and Efraín Sánchez González
Faculty of Medical Science, “10 de Octubre” at University of Medical Science of Havana, Havana, Cuba
*Corresponding Author: Fé Fernández Hernández, Faculty of Medical Science, “10 de Octubre” at University of Medical Science of Havana, Havana, Cuba.
Received: October 13, 2021; Published: October 29, 2021




Abstract

  • Fernández Hernández F and Sánchez González E. “The Smoking Economic Burden in the National Institute on Oncology and Radiology from Cuba”. Journal of Physical medical and Rehabilitation studies and Report2 (2020).
  • Fernández Hernández F and Sánchez González E. “Estimating the Smoking Economic Burden by Morbidity”. TRIDHA Journal of Clinical Cases and Reports12 (2021).
  • Fernández Hernández F., et al. “The Touchable Smoking Social Costs”. Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research3 (2021).
  • Fernández Hernández F and Sánchez González E. “The Smoking Epidemiologic Control across the Primary Health Service”. Asclepius Medical Research and Reviews2 (2020).
  • Fernández Hernández F and Sánchez González E. “The macro – social smoking control”. Asclepius Medical Research and Reviews1 (2021).
  • Sánchez González E and Fernández Hernández F. “Brief Analysis about the Smoking Economic Benefits”. Medical Journal of Clinical Trials and Case2 (2021).
  • Sánchez González E and Fernández Hernández F. “The absolute socioeconomic inequity attributable to smoking”. Journal of Medical Care Research and Review5 (2021): 1-4.
  • Sánchez González E and Fernández Hernández F. “El rol de las autoridades fiscales en el control del tabaquismo”. Revista de Ciencias Médicas 3 (2017): 62-67.
  • Fernández Hernández F and Sánchez González E. “El control del tabaquismo en el nuevo modelo económico Cubano”. Correo Científico Médico3 (2021).
  • Selvaraj S., et al. “Price elasticity of tobacco products among economic classes in India, 2011–2012”. BMJ Open 5 (2015): e008180.
  • Sánchez González E and Fernández Hernández F. “Brief Appointments about Fiscal Policy for the Smoking Control”. Journal of Clinical Research and Reports5 (2020).
  • Fernández Hernández F and Sánchez González E. “The Social and Economic Inequity from Smoking in Cuba”. Annals of Medical and Surgical Case Report2 (2020).
  • Fernández Hernández F and Sánchez González E. “Contributions Since the Health Economy Research to the Smoking Control in Cuba”. Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research1 (2020): 23102-23104.
  • Sánchez González E and Fernández Hernández F. “The smoking fiscal space in Cuba”. Journal of Clinical and Medical Research3 (2019): 1-5.
  • Sánchez González E and Fernández Hernández F. “La relación entre la política tributaria y el control del tabaquismo en Cuba”. CCM2 (2018): 238-249.
  • Ministerio de Salud Pública. Anuario Estadístico de Salud (2018).
  • Sánchez González E and Fernández Hernández F. “Smoking, Health Market Equilibrium and Fiscal Policy”. Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research3 (2021).
  • Red Cubana para el control del Tabaquismo. Regulaciones vigentes para el control del tabaquismo en Cuba.
  • Anuario Estadístico de Cuba (2019).
  • Fernández Hernández F and Sánchez González E. “Active smoking economic burden over the Cuban Public Health”. EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine10 (2021): 10-16.
  • Seuc Armando H and Domínguez Emma. “Acerca del cálculo de la carga de las enfermedades por morbilidad”. Revista, Revista Cubana de Higiene y Epidemiología3 (2005).
  • Fernández Hernández F and Sánchez González E. “Estimating the economic burden attributable to some risk factor”. OAT Journal of Clinical Investigation and Studies (2019): 2.
  • Pichón Riviere A., et al. “Impacto económico del tabaquismo en los sistemas de salud de América Latina: un estudio en siete países y su extrapolación a nivel regional”. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública4 (2016): 213-221.
  • Bardach A. “Carga de enfermedad por tabaquismo e impacto potencial del incremento de precios de cigarrillos en el Perú”. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública 33 (2016): 651-661.
  • Isaranuwatchai W., et al. “Impact of smoking on health system costs among cancer patients in a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada”. BMJ Open (2019).
  • Lightwood J and Glantz SA. “The Effect of the California Tobacco Control Program on Smoking Prevalence, Cigarette Consumption, and Healthcare Costs: 1989–2008”. PLoS ONE2 (2): e47145.
  • Max W., et al. “The Cost of Smoking in California”. Nicotine and Tobacco Research (2015).
  • Sánchez González E and Fernández Hernández F. “A view for the morbidity attributable to smoking since the microeconomic”. OAT Trends in Research 2 (2019): 1-2.
  • Fernández Hernández F and Sánchez González E. “Carga epidemiológica vs carga económica del tabaquismo por morbilidad”. Revista de Ciencias Médicas2 (2017): 210-216.
  • Fernández Hernández F and Sánchez González E. “Quantitative methods to explain the smoking economic impact”. International Journal of Science and Academic Research1 (2020): 1-2.
  • Fernández Hernández F and Sánchez González E. “Algorithm to calculate the smoking economical burden in active and passive smokers”. MOJ Toxicology's6 (2018): 373-375.
  • References

    1. Zhu N., et al. “A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019”. The New England Journal of Medicine 382 (2020): 727-733.
    2. World Health Organization. WHO (COVID-19) Homepage (2021).
    3. Wang M., et al. “Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro”. Cell Research (2020).
    4. RECOVERY Collaborative Group Horby P., et al. “Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19-Preliminary Report”. The New England Journal of Medicine 8 (2021): 693-704.
    5. Beigel JH., et al. “Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19-Final Report”. The New England Journal of Medicine 383 (2020): 1813-1826.
    6. Cao B., et al. “A Trial of Lopinavir-ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19”. The New England Journal of Medicine 382 (2020): 1787-1799.
    7. Caly L., et al. “The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro”. Antiviral Research 178 (2020): 104787.
    8. Calder PC., et al. “Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections”. Nutrients 4 (2020): 1181.
    9. Oldenburg CE and Doan T. “Azithromycin for severe COVID-19”. Lancet 10256 (2020): 936-937.
    10. Yates PA., et al. “Doxycycline treatment of high-risk COVID-19-positive patients with comorbid pulmonary disease”. Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 14 (2020): 1753466620951053.
    11. Liu J., et al. “Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro”. Cell Discovery 6 (2020): 16.
    12. Gao J., et al. “Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies”. BioScience Trends 14 (2020): 72-73.
    13. Https://www.icmr.gov.in/pdf/covid/techdoc/archive/HCQ_Recommendation_22March.pdf
    14. Abella BS., et al. “Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine vs Placebo for Pre-exposure SARS-CoV-2 Prophylaxis Among Health Care Workers: A Randomized Clinical Trial”. JAMA Internal Medicine 181 (2021): 195-202.
    15. Rajasingham R., et al. “Hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 in healthcare workers: A randomized trial”. Clinical Infectious Diseases 72 (2021): e835-e843.
    16. https://www.who.int/news/item/04-07-2020-who-discontinues-hydroxychloroquine-and-lopinavir-ritonavir-treatment-arms-for-covid-19
    17. Boulware DR., et al. “Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis for Covid-19”. The New England Journal of Medicine 383 (2020): 517-525.
    18. Nina PB and Dash AP. “Hydroxychloroquine as prophylaxis or treatment for COVID-19: What does the evidence say?” Indian Journal of Public HealthS2 (2020): 125-127.
    19. Shah S., et al. “A systematic review of the prophylactic role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)”. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 23 (2020): 613-619.
    20. De Barros CM., et al. “COVID-19 Pandemic - A Narrative Review of the Potential Roles of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine”. Pain Physician 23 (2020): S351-S366.
    21. Shah RR. “Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: Perspectives on their failure in repurposing”. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics1 (2021): 17-27.
    22. Monti M., et al. “Hydroxychloroquine as Prophylaxis for COVID-19: A Review”. Frontiers in Pharmacology 11 (2020): 605185.
    Citation: Fé Fernández Hernández and Efraín Sánchez González. “Full Validation of a New Formula Estimating the Smoking Economic Burden by Morbidity”. EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine 10.11 (2021): 40-47.

    PubMed Indexed Article


    EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
    LC-UV-MS and MS/MS Characterize Glutathione Reactivity with Different Isomers (2,2' and 2,4' vs. 4,4') of Methylene Diphenyl-Diisocyanate.

    PMID: 31143884 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6536005


    EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
    Alzheimer's Pathogenesis, Metal-Mediated Redox Stress, and Potential Nanotheranostics.

    PMID: 31565701 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6764777


    EC Neurology
    Differences in Rate of Cognitive Decline and Caregiver Burden between Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia: a Retrospective Study.

    PMID: 27747317 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC5065347


    EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
    Will Blockchain Technology Transform Healthcare and Biomedical Sciences?

    PMID: 31460519 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6711478


    EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
    Is it a Prime Time for AI-powered Virtual Drug Screening?

    PMID: 30215059 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6133253


    EC Psychology and Psychiatry
    Analysis of Evidence for the Combination of Pro-dopamine Regulator (KB220PAM) and Naltrexone to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder Relapse.

    PMID: 30417173 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6226033


    EC Anaesthesia
    Arrest Under Anesthesia - What was the Culprit? A Case Report.

    PMID: 30264037 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6155992


    EC Orthopaedics
    Distraction Implantation. A New Technique in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Direct Skeletal Attachment.

    PMID: 30198026 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6124505


    EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine
    Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults aged 40-79: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012.

    PMID: 30294723 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6169793


    EC Dental Science
    Important Dental Fiber-Reinforced Composite Molding Compound Breakthroughs

    PMID: 29285526 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC5743211


    EC Microbiology
    Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among HIV Infected and HIV Uninfected Patients Treated at the 1o De Maio Health Centre in Maputo, Mozambique

    PMID: 29911204 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC5999047


    EC Microbiology
    Macrophages and the Viral Dissemination Super Highway

    PMID: 26949751 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC4774560


    EC Microbiology
    The Microbiome, Antibiotics, and Health of the Pediatric Population.

    PMID: 27390782 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC4933318


    EC Microbiology
    Reactive Oxygen Species in HIV Infection

    PMID: 28580453 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC5450819


    EC Microbiology
    A Review of the CD4 T Cell Contribution to Lung Infection, Inflammation and Repair with a Focus on Wheeze and Asthma in the Pediatric Population

    PMID: 26280024 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC4533840


    EC Neurology
    Identifying Key Symptoms Differentiating Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome from Multiple Sclerosis

    PMID: 28066845 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC5214344


    EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
    Paradigm Shift is the Normal State of Pharmacology

    PMID: 28936490 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC5604476


    EC Neurology
    Examining those Meeting IOM Criteria Versus IOM Plus Fibromyalgia

    PMID: 28713879 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC5510658


    EC Neurology
    Unilateral Frontosphenoid Craniosynostosis: Case Report and a Review of the Literature

    PMID: 28133641 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC5267489


    EC Ophthalmology
    OCT-Angiography for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Neuronal and Vascular Structure in Mouse Retina: Implication for Characterization of Retinal Neurovascular Coupling

    PMID: 29333536 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC5766278


    EC Neurology
    Longer Duration of Downslope Treadmill Walking Induces Depression of H-Reflexes Measured during Standing and Walking.

    PMID: 31032493 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6483108


    EC Microbiology
    Onchocerciasis in Mozambique: An Unknown Condition for Health Professionals.

    PMID: 30957099 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6448571


    EC Nutrition
    Food Insecurity among Households with and without Podoconiosis in East and West Gojjam, Ethiopia.

    PMID: 30101228 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6086333


    EC Ophthalmology
    REVIEW. +2 to +3 D. Reading Glasses to Prevent Myopia.

    PMID: 31080964 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6508883


    EC Gynaecology
    Biomechanical Mapping of the Female Pelvic Floor: Uterine Prolapse Versus Normal Conditions.

    PMID: 31093608 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6513001


    EC Dental Science
    Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Breakthrough in Practical Clinical Applications with Advanced Wear Resistance for Dental Materials.

    PMID: 31552397 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6758937


    EC Microbiology
    Neurocysticercosis in Child Bearing Women: An Overlooked Condition in Mozambique and a Potentially Missed Diagnosis in Women Presenting with Eclampsia.

    PMID: 31681909 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6824723


    EC Microbiology
    Molecular Detection of Leptospira spp. in Rodents Trapped in the Mozambique Island City, Nampula Province, Mozambique.

    PMID: 31681910 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6824726


    EC Neurology
    Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Cross-Talk in Neurodegenerative and Eye Diseases.

    PMID: 31528859 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6746603


    EC Psychology and Psychiatry
    Can Chronic Consumption of Caffeine by Increasing D2/D3 Receptors Offer Benefit to Carriers of the DRD2 A1 Allele in Cocaine Abuse?

    PMID: 31276119 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6604646


    EC Anaesthesia
    Real Time Locating Systems and sustainability of Perioperative Efficiency of Anesthesiologists.

    PMID: 31406965 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6690616


    EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
    A Pilot STEM Curriculum Designed to Teach High School Students Concepts in Biochemical Engineering and Pharmacology.

    PMID: 31517314 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6741290


    EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
    Toxic Mechanisms Underlying Motor Activity Changes Induced by a Mixture of Lead, Arsenic and Manganese.

    PMID: 31633124 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6800226


    EC Neurology
    Research Volunteers' Attitudes Toward Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.

    PMID: 29662969 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC5898812


    EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
    Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.

    PMID: 30215058 [PubMed]

    PMCID: PMC6133268


    News and Events


    March Issue Release

    We always feel pleasure to share our updates with you all. Here, notifying you that we have successfully released the March issue of respective journals and the latest articles can be viewed on the current issue pages.

    Submission Deadline for Upcoming Issue

    ECronicon delightfully welcomes all the authors around the globe for effective collaboration with an article submission for the upcoming issue of respective journals. Submissions are accepted on/before April 03, 2023.

    Certificate of Publication

    ECronicon honors with a "Publication Certificate" to the corresponding author by including the names of co-authors as a token of appreciation for publishing the work with our respective journals.

    Best Article of the Issue

    Editors of respective journals will always be very much interested in electing one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of the selected article will be honored with a "Best Article of the Issue" certificate.

    Certifying for Review

    ECronicon certifies the Editors for their first review done towards the assigned article of the respective journals.

    Latest Articles

    The latest articles will be updated immediately on the articles in press page of the respective journals.