Abstract

Drug-resistant TB (TB) is a serious global problem, not only complicates the treatment of patients with resistant strains of TB, but also poses a threat to the global process to achieve the goals of the TB elimination strategy in the world by the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. WHO estimates that 1.674 million people died of tuberculosis in 2016 alone, while between 2000 and 2016 they were healed 52.5 million lives thanks to improved diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, 13 of the 22 highest burden countries failed to meet the target for the decline in tuberculosis prevalence in 2014, highlighting the need to improve strategies to combat the disease [2]. Effective TB control is especially challenging among patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), which are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most potent anti-TB drugs used in standard first-line treatment. For example, 2015 data show that by the end of 2014, 153 countries had reported the circulation of drug-resistant TB strains in the region, eighty of which have continuous surveillance systems, while others rely on epidemiological surveys. In the absence of an effective vaccine against tuberculosis, appropriate antibiotic therapy remains the most important tool in the fight against the spread of tuberculosis. N on at the same time, the factors of resistance, greatly exacerbating transmission from TB that are resistant to the first drug and the second line and show the importance of broader molecular genetic research in this area [1-5].

Keywords: Tuberculosis; Drug Resistance; Molecular Mechanisms of Development of Mycobacterial Resistance; Gene Mutations

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