Abstract

Introduction: Nursing leadership is considered a fundamental competence, due to its impact on the quality of care.

Objective: Know the style of leadership exercised by nurses, nursing assistants, nursing teachers and supervisors.

Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive and transversal study. The sample is comprised of 165 nurses from the adult-pediatric area in Temuco, southern Chile. Data collection was done through the Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire, in its short form, adapted to the Chilean population by Vega and Zabala.

Results: It was shown that nursing professionals develop transformational and transactional styles to a lesser degree. In the teaching and supervisory areas, they exercise transactional leadership, and contingent reward in teachers and individualized consideration in supervisors are elements that stand out. According to gender, women most often use inspirational motivational behavior and inspirational charisma. In addition, transactional leadership is found more in women, as is individualized consideration.

Conclusion: The predominance of transactional leadership in nurses (teachers) and supervisors (s), which favors the development and reinforcement of transformative leadership, is essential to quality care management.

Keywords: Leadership Style; Nurses; Public and Private Sectors

References

1. Banks G., et al. “A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy”. Leadership Quarterly4 (2016): 634-652.
2. Curtis E., et al. “Developing leadership in nursing: exploring core factors”. British Journal of Nursing 5 (2011): 306-309.
3. Coelho S., et al. “Scientific production on leadership in the context of nursing”. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P 1 (2012): 227-233.
4. Encinger J. “Staff nurse perceptions on the influence of a formal leadership development program on their first-line nurse leaders”. Tesis de magíster. University of British Columbia, Canada (2013).
5. Rivas E. “Interview with Silvina Malvárez”. Ibero-American Journal of Education and Research in Nursing2 (2016): 9-14.
6. De Melo G and Hörner B. “Nurse leadership: an integrative review of the literature”. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 3 (2011).
7. Jiménez G. “Concepciones about nursing leadership”. Enfermería Global 2 (2006): 1-12.
8. Rozo S and Abaunza M. “Transactional and transformational leadership”. Avances en Enfermería 2 (2010): 62-72.
9. Rolfe P. “Transformational leadership theory: What every leader needs to know”. Nurse Leader2 (2011): 54-57.
10. Quezada C., et al. “Perception of leadership in the nurses of a hospital in southern Chile”. Ciencia y Enfermería 2 (2014): 41-51.
11. Andrews D., et al. “The influence of staff nurse perception of leadership style on satisfaction with leadership: A cross-sectional survey of pediatric nurses”. International Journal of Nursing Studies 9 (2012): 1103-1111.
12. Cardoso MLAP., et al. “Coaching: A reference model for the practice of nurse-leaders in the hospital context”. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P 3 (2011): 730-737.
13. Estefo S and Paravic T. “Nursing in the role of care manager”. Ciencia y Enfermería 3 (2010): 33-39.
14. Milos P., et al. “"Care management" in Chilean legislation: interpretation and scope”. Ciencia y Enfermería 1 (2010): 17-29.
15. Manzo B., et al. “Nursing in hospital in the process of accreditation: its role and the consequences in daily work”. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 1 (2012): 151-158.
16. Díaz A., et al. “Participation and leadership in nursing care management from diane Huber's perspective in three IPS. Cartagena, Colombia. 2011”. Science and Virtual Health1 (2011): 27-34.
17. Véliz L and Paravic T. “Educational coaching as a strategy to strengthen leadership in nursing”. Ciencia Y Enfermeria 2 (2012): 111-117.
18. Lunenburg F. “Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation”. International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 1 (2011): 1-6.
19. Cortés J., et al. “Leadership styles in nursing services chiefs”. Enfermería Neurológica 2 (2012): 84-94.
20. De Lima L., et al. “Influence of nurse leadership styles on the interpersonal relationships of the nursing team”. Enfermería Global22 (2011): 1-9.
21. Pardo C. “Personal and interpersonal leadership in the coordinators and nursing professionals who work in the IPS of 3^rd level of care of Cartagena [Master's thesis]”. Bogotá: National University of Colombia (2011).
22. Vega C and Zavala G. “Adaptation of the multifactorial leadership questionnaire (MLQ form 5x short) by B. Bass and B. Avolio to the Chilean organizational context [thesis]”. Santiago: Universidad de Chile (2004).
23. Pucheu A. “Leadership of supervising nurses: how do they influence clinical nurses?” Horizonte de Enfermería 1 (2009): 13-26.
24. Pucheu JA. “Transformational leadership as a relationship of help in nursing [doctoral thesis]”. Santiago: Universidad de Chile (2009).
25. Rodríguez-Gonzalo A., et al. “Leadership in nursing work groups: perceptions”. Enfermería Clínica4 (2009): 206-209.
26. Emanuel E. “What Makes Clinical Research Ethical?: Seven Ethical Requirements”. In: Lolas F, Quezada A, editors. Ethical pattern of research in human subjects: new perspectives. Santiago, Chile: PAHO/WHO Regional Bioethics Program (2003): 83-95.
27. Cuadra A and Veloso C. “Leadership, climate and job satisfaction in organizations”. Universum 2 (2007): 40-56.
28. Negussie N and Demissie A. “Relationship between leadership styles of nurse managers and nurses’ job satisfaction in Jimma University Specialized Hospital”. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences 1 (2013): 49-58.
29. Hernández R., et al. “Perception of nursing students on the leadership styles of the professors of the Faculty of Nursing of the National University San Luis Gonzaga de Ica”. Revista Enfermeria la Vanguardia1 (2014): 46-53.
30. Sousa L., et al. “Leadership in the vision of nurse leaders”. Enfermeria Global30 (2013): 268-280.
31. Carrión A. “Transformative leadership: Are current nurse managers prepared for the new challenges? [magister thesis]”. Madrid: National University of Distance Education (2013).
32. Hutchinson M and Jackson D. “Transformational leadership in nursing: towards a more critical interpretation”. Nursing Inquiry 1 (2013): 11-22.
33. Hernández C. “Leadership styles of nurses of the Cantabrian Health Service [Master's thesis]”. Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid (2010).
34. Camps V., et al. “Comparison by gender of leadership styles in a sample of managers in Puerto Rico”. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología 21 (2010): 113-132.