Abstract

Background: In the available literature there are only few reports on the effect - on blood glucose level - of the physical activity and “optimal” high-fat diet in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, there are no data concerning the effect of insulin type in patients following different diets and engaging in different level of physical activity.

Objective: Our study aimed at evaluating the effect of an insulin type on health and blood glucose parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes engaging in different levels of physical activity and following different diets.

Materials and Methods: A group of 119 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 26 - 43 was studied (66 women and 53 men). All of them completed our own survey (Wiśniewski 2015). Among the surveyed subjects, 66% used insulin analogues, and 34% human insulin; 72% complied with the dietetic instructions issued by their diabetologists, and 28% followed a so-called “optimal” diet.

Results: The statistical analysis was performed using the χ² test and Tchuprov’s test. We found 80 statistically significant dependencies (p < 0,05), including 29 evident ones (Tchuprov’s T > 0,38), including 10 depending on insulin used.

Conclusion:

• Particularly great health improvement involving the declared blood glucose parameters (fasting blood glucose level, frequency of hypo- and hyperglycaemic incidents and glycated haemoglobin level) was brought about by using insulin analogues rather than human insulin.
• It occurred both in the patients following a “standard diabetology” diet and in the followers of the “optimal” diet.
• Both health and blood glucose parameters were improved by increased physical activity; this effect was more evident in insulin analogue users.

Our results indicate at least a moderate synergistic effect of insulin analogues and physical activity on blood glucose level. The improvement caused by the “optimal” diet was observed mainly in persons who were physically active and received insulin analogues rather than human insulin.

Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus; Insulin Analogues; Physical Activity; Diet; So-Called “Optimal” Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet

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