Abstract
The applications of algae in cosmetic products have recently received attention in the treatment of skin problems, such as aging and pigment disorders. Many secondary metabolites from macro- and microalgae are known for their skin benefits, which include protection from UV radiations and prevention of rough texture, wrinkles, and skin flaccidity. There are, therefore, potential uses in the areas of anti-aging, skin-whitening, and pigmentation reduction products. Several macro and microalgae are used in cosmetics due to the presence of bioactive compounds like polysaccharides used as moisturizing agents or thickeners in creamy cosmetic formulations. In the present review, several algal functional compounds (phlorotannins, xanthophylls, sulphated polysaccharides, tyrosinase inhibitors) have been presented and discussed toward cosmeceutical application.
Keywords: Macroalgae; Skin Aging; Skin Health; Skin Whitening; Microalgae; Bioactive Compounds
References
- Christaki E., et al. “Functional properties of carotenoids originating from algae”. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 1 (2012): 5-11.
- Kelman D., et al. “Antioxidant activity of Hawaiian marine algae”. Marine Drugs 2 (2012): 403-416.
- Borowitzka M. “High-value products from microalgae - their development and commercialization”. Journal of Applied Phycology3 (2013): 743-756.
- Arora N., et al. “Latest technology advances in cosmeceuticals”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 3 (2012): 168-182.
- Wang HMD., et al. “Exploring the potential of using algae in cosmetics”. Bioresource Technology 184 (2015): 355-362.
- Ariede MB., et al. “Cosmetic attributes of algae - A review”. Algal Research 25 (2017): 483-487.
- Zhang S., et al. “Dietary carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E and risk of breast cancer”. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 91 (1999): 547-556.
- Fisher GJ., et al. “Molecular basis of sun-induced premature skin ageing and retinoid antagonism”. Nature 379 (1996): 335-339.
- Rittié L and Fisher GJ. “UV-light-induced signal cascades and skin aging”. Ageing Research Reviews 1 (2002): 705-720.
- Thomas NV and Kim SW. “Beneficial Effects of Marine Algal Compounds in Cosmeceuticals Mar”. Drugs 11 (2013): 146-164.
- Li EPH., et al. “Skin lightening and beauty in four Asian cultures”. Advances in Consumer Research 35 (2008): 444-449.
- Grimes P., et al. “Increasing our understanding of pigmentary disorders”. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 54 (2006): S255-S261.
- Michalak I and Chojnacka K. “Algal extracts: technology and advances”. Engineering in Life Sciences 14 (2014): 581-591.
- Yun EJ., et al. “Red macroalgae as a sustainable resource for biobased products”. Trends in Biotechnology 33 (2015): 247-249.
- Stolz P and Obermayer B. “Manufacturing microalgae for skin care”. Cosmetics and Toiletries 120 (2005): 99-106.
- Carvalho JCM., et al. “Microalgae and Bioreactors”. In: R. Bajpai, A.P.M. Zappi (Editions.), Algal Biorefineries 1 (2014): 83-126.
- Raja R., et al. “A perspective on the biotechnological potential of microalgae”. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 34 (2008): 77-88.
- Gouveia L., et al. “Microalgae in novel food products”. In: K.N. Papadopoulos (Edition.), Food Chem. Res. Dev, Nova Science, United States (2008): 1-37.
- Kim SK., et al. “Prospective of the cosmeceuticals derived from marine organisms”. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 13 (2008): 511-523.
- Sanghvi AM and Lo YM. “Present and potential industrial applications of macro- and microalgae”. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition and Agriculture 2 (2010): 187-194.
- Choi JS., et al. “Effects of seaweed Laminaria japonica extracts on skin moisturizing activity In vivo”. Journal of Cosmetic Science (2013): 64.
- Pora B., et al. “Method for the Preparation and Extraction of Squalene from Microalgae”. Patent Application Publication (2014).
- Jea JY., et al. “Antioxidant activity of enzymatic extracts from the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida by electron spin resonance spectroscopy”. Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 (2009): 874- 878.
- Garcia-Vaquero M., et al. “Polysaccharides from macroalgae: Recent advances, innovative technologies and challenges in extraction and purification”. Food Research International3 (2017): 1011-1020.
- Pallela R., et al. “Anti-photoaging and photoprotective compounds derived from marine organisms”. Marine Drugs 4 (2010): 1189-1202.
- Shick JM and Dunlap WC. “Mycosporine-like amino acids and related gadusols: biosynthesis, accumulation, and UV-protective functions in aquatic organisms”. The Annual Review of Physiology 64 (2002): 223-262.
- Ryu BM., et al. “Differentiation of human osteosarcoma cells by isolated phlorotannins is subtly linked to COX-2, iNOS, MMPs, and MAPK signaling: Implication for chronic articular disease”. Chemico-Biological Interactions 179 (2009): 192-201.
- Babitha S and Kim EK. “Effect of marine cosmeceuticals on the pigmentation of skin. Marine cosmeceuticals: trends and prospects”. CRC Press, Florida (2011): 63-66.
- Kang HS., et al. “Tyrosinase inhibitors isolated from the edible brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera”. Archives of Pharmacal Research 27 (2004): 1226-1232.
- Shimoda H., et al. “Anti-pigmentary activity of fucoxanthin and its influence on skin mRNA expression of melanogenic molecules”. The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 62 (2010): 1137-1145.
- Heo SJ., et al. “Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol isolated from Ishige okamurae, a brown alga, a potent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor, alleviates postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic mice”. European Journal of Pharmacology1 (2009): 252-256.
- Heo SJ., et al. “Effect of phlorotannins isolated from Ecklonia cava on melanogenesis and their protective effect against photo-oxidative stress induced by UV-B radiation”. Toxicology in Vitro 23 (2009): 1123-1130.
- Mourelle M., et al. “The Potential Use of Marine Microalgae and Cyanobacteria in Cosmetics and Thalassotherapy”. Cosmetics4 (2017): 46.
- Koller M., et al. “Microalgae as versatile cellular factories for valued products”. Algal Research 6 (2014): 52-63.
- Chandra R., et al. “Phycobiliproteins: A Novel Green Tool from Marine Origen Blue-Green Algae and Red Algae”. Protein and Peptide 24 (2017): 118-125.
- Ye ZW., et al. “Biosynthesis and regulation of carotenoids in Dunaliella: progresses and prospects”. Biotechnology Advances 4 (2008): 352-360.
- Han D and Li QH. “Astaxanthin in microalgae: pathways, function and biotechnological implications”. Algae2 (2013): 131-147.
- De Jesus Raposo MF., et al. “Carotenoids from marine microalgae: A valuable natural source for the prevention of chronic diseases”. Marine Drugs8 (2015): 5128-5155.
- Heydarizadeh P., et al. “Plastids of Marine Phytoplankton Produce Bioactive Pigments and Lipids”. Marine Drugs 11 (2013): 3425-3471.
- Hosikian A., et al. “Chlorophyll extraction from microalgae: A review on the process engineering aspects”. International Journal of Chemical Engineering (2010).
- Lubián LM., et al. “Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) as source of commercially valuable pigments”. Journal of Applied Phycology 12 (2000): 249-255.
- Hashtroudi MS., et al. “Analysis of Anabaena vaginicola and Nostoc calcicola from Northern Iran, as rich sources of major carotenoids”. Food Chemistry 136 (2013): 1148-1153.
- Sujak A., et al. “Lutein and zeaxanthin as protectors of lipid membranes against oxidative damage: the structural aspects”. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics2 (1999): 301-307.
- Johnson E. “A Biological Role of Lutein”. Food Reviews International1 (2004): 1-16.
- Sun Z., et al. “Microalgae as a Source of Lutein”. Chemistry, Biosynthesis, and Carotenogenesis (2015): 37-58.
Journal Menu
PubMed Indexed Article
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
LC-UV-MS and MS/MS Characterize Glutathione Reactivity with Different Isomers (2,2' and 2,4' vs. 4,4') of Methylene Diphenyl-Diisocyanate.
PMID: 31143884 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6536005
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Alzheimer's Pathogenesis, Metal-Mediated Redox Stress, and Potential Nanotheranostics.
PMID: 31565701 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6764777
EC Neurology
Differences in Rate of Cognitive Decline and Caregiver Burden between Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia: a Retrospective Study.
PMID: 27747317 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5065347
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Will Blockchain Technology Transform Healthcare and Biomedical Sciences?
PMID: 31460519 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6711478
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Is it a Prime Time for AI-powered Virtual Drug Screening?
PMID: 30215059 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6133253
EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Analysis of Evidence for the Combination of Pro-dopamine Regulator (KB220PAM) and Naltrexone to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder Relapse.
PMID: 30417173 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6226033
EC Anaesthesia
Arrest Under Anesthesia - What was the Culprit? A Case Report.
PMID: 30264037 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6155992
EC Orthopaedics
Distraction Implantation. A New Technique in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Direct Skeletal Attachment.
PMID: 30198026 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6124505
EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine
Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults aged 40-79: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012.
PMID: 30294723 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6169793
EC Dental Science
Important Dental Fiber-Reinforced Composite Molding Compound Breakthroughs
PMID: 29285526 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5743211
EC Microbiology
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among HIV Infected and HIV Uninfected Patients Treated at the 1o De Maio Health Centre in Maputo, Mozambique
PMID: 29911204 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5999047
EC Microbiology
Macrophages and the Viral Dissemination Super Highway
PMID: 26949751 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4774560
EC Microbiology
The Microbiome, Antibiotics, and Health of the Pediatric Population.
PMID: 27390782 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4933318
EC Microbiology
Reactive Oxygen Species in HIV Infection
PMID: 28580453 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5450819
EC Microbiology
A Review of the CD4 T Cell Contribution to Lung Infection, Inflammation and Repair with a Focus on Wheeze and Asthma in the Pediatric Population
PMID: 26280024 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4533840
EC Neurology
Identifying Key Symptoms Differentiating Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome from Multiple Sclerosis
PMID: 28066845 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5214344
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Paradigm Shift is the Normal State of Pharmacology
PMID: 28936490 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5604476
EC Neurology
Examining those Meeting IOM Criteria Versus IOM Plus Fibromyalgia
PMID: 28713879 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5510658
EC Neurology
Unilateral Frontosphenoid Craniosynostosis: Case Report and a Review of the Literature
PMID: 28133641 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5267489
EC Ophthalmology
OCT-Angiography for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Neuronal and Vascular Structure in Mouse Retina: Implication for Characterization of Retinal Neurovascular Coupling
PMID: 29333536 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5766278
EC Neurology
Longer Duration of Downslope Treadmill Walking Induces Depression of H-Reflexes Measured during Standing and Walking.
PMID: 31032493 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6483108
EC Microbiology
Onchocerciasis in Mozambique: An Unknown Condition for Health Professionals.
PMID: 30957099 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6448571
EC Nutrition
Food Insecurity among Households with and without Podoconiosis in East and West Gojjam, Ethiopia.
PMID: 30101228 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6086333
EC Ophthalmology
REVIEW. +2 to +3 D. Reading Glasses to Prevent Myopia.
PMID: 31080964 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6508883
EC Gynaecology
Biomechanical Mapping of the Female Pelvic Floor: Uterine Prolapse Versus Normal Conditions.
PMID: 31093608 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6513001
EC Dental Science
Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Breakthrough in Practical Clinical Applications with Advanced Wear Resistance for Dental Materials.
PMID: 31552397 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6758937
EC Microbiology
Neurocysticercosis in Child Bearing Women: An Overlooked Condition in Mozambique and a Potentially Missed Diagnosis in Women Presenting with Eclampsia.
PMID: 31681909 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6824723
EC Microbiology
Molecular Detection of Leptospira spp. in Rodents Trapped in the Mozambique Island City, Nampula Province, Mozambique.
PMID: 31681910 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6824726
EC Neurology
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Cross-Talk in Neurodegenerative and Eye Diseases.
PMID: 31528859 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6746603
EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Can Chronic Consumption of Caffeine by Increasing D2/D3 Receptors Offer Benefit to Carriers of the DRD2 A1 Allele in Cocaine Abuse?
PMID: 31276119 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6604646
EC Anaesthesia
Real Time Locating Systems and sustainability of Perioperative Efficiency of Anesthesiologists.
PMID: 31406965 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6690616
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
A Pilot STEM Curriculum Designed to Teach High School Students Concepts in Biochemical Engineering and Pharmacology.
PMID: 31517314 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6741290
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Toxic Mechanisms Underlying Motor Activity Changes Induced by a Mixture of Lead, Arsenic and Manganese.
PMID: 31633124 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6800226
EC Neurology
Research Volunteers' Attitudes Toward Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.
PMID: 29662969 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5898812
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.
PMID: 30215058 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6133268
News and Events
January Issue Release
We always feel pleasure to share our updates with you all. Here, notifying you that we have successfully released the January issue of respective journals and can be viewed in the current issue pages.
Submission Deadline for January Issue
Ecronicon delightfully welcomes all the authors around the globe for effective collaboration with an article submission for the January issue of respective journals. Submissions are accepted on/before January 26, 2021.
Certificate of Publication
Ecronicon honors with a "Publication Certificate" to the corresponding author by including the names of co-authors as a token of appreciation for publishing the work with our respective journals.
Best Article of the Issue
Editors of respective journals will always be very much interested in electing one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of the selected article will be honored with a "Best Article of the Issue" certificate.
Certifying for Review
Ecronicon certifies the Editors for their first review done towards the assigned article of the respective journals.
Latest Articles
The latest articles will be updated immediately on the articles in press page of the respective journals.
Immediate Assistance
The prime motto of this team is to clarify all the queries without any delay or hesitation to avoid the inconvenience. For immediate assistance on your queries please don't hesitate to drop an email to editor@ecronicon.uk