Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common in Libya, and worldwide. Recent research indicated there is a close relation between vitamin D deficiency and myocardial infarction (MI). Thus, the current study aims to study the knowledge, attitude and behavior to the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adult populations with or without CAD in Libya. The MI cases showed a higher exposure to the sun as compared to the controls (p = 0.001) which might associate with increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adults with MI in different areas in Libya.
Materials and Methods: The present case control study consists of 130 patients suffering from CAD and 195 healthy controls. The study were carried out from hospitals and clinics in Benghazi, Tripoli, Tobruk, Igdabia, Sebha, Alkofra and Alkhomus, which are cover most areas in Libya. Questionnaire and interviews were taken to collect data on the subjects involved in this study, knowledge about vitamin D, sun exposure, social and behavioural backgrounds related to vitamin D. In addition, a biochemical study of vitamin D levels were measured.
Results: The results showed that Severe vitamin D deficiency [serum 25(OH)D < 8 ng/mL] was more seen in the MI cases than in the controls (43% and 8%, respectively). The MI cases showed a higher exposure to the sun as compared to the controls (p = 0.001). However, the controls were better aware about the usage of vitamin D supplements than the cases and hence consumed supplements (6.7% Vs 0.8%; p value of 0.010). Also, the controls had a higher food rich in animal butter (p = 0.001), fish (p = 0.003) and liver (p = 0.002) than the cases.
Conclusion: This study reveals that though the knowledge of the role of exposure to sun is high among the cases; however, their intake of vitamin D and calcium supplements was very low which contributes towards this deficiency among the cases suffering from CAD when compared to the control group.
Keywords: Vitamin D; Behaviour; Knowledge; Motivating; Healthy; Myocardial Infarction
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