Abstract

Introduction: Self-efficacy is the main part of health and the care of Diabetes Mellitus or Hypertension (high blood pressure). Therefore, the researcher is interested in studying the selection factors of perceived self-efficacy, and the outcome expectation that affects self-care behavior of the diabetic or hypertension patients treated at Mittraphap Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital, Muak Lek District, Saraburi Province, Thailand.

Methods: The sample consisted of eighty-six patients. Sample size determination using Krejcie and Morgan table. The data was gathered by using questionnaires which were composed of (1) demographic data, (2) measuring self-care behavior, perceived self-efficacy, and outcome expectations in 3 aspects. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability. The reliability was 0.93. The data was analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, one-sample t-test and stepwise-multiple regression correlation coefficient.

Result: According to the result of the present study, 67.44% of the correspondents were female, 44.19% were between 60 - 69 years old, 72.09% have hypertension, 10.47% with diabetes, 17.44% were diagnosed with both diabetic and hypertension, 76.74% were married, 63.95% were elementary school graduates, 37.21% engaged in general employment/company, the average income of all family members together per month were 5,001 - 10,000 baht or 33.73%. Research findings revealed as follows: (1) One sample t-test demonstrated that all of the respondents’ self-care behavior, perceived self-efficacy, and outcome expectations as a whole and each aspect were at a high level when compared with the set criteria (60%) at the .05 level of significance (mean = 3.80, 3.83 and 4.11 respectively). The analysis by Stepwise-Multiple Regression Correlation shows that out of 64 variables, there are 8 important factors, [They are 1) being able to exercise at least 3 - 5 times a week (Perceived self-efficacy regarding physical exercise), 2) recognizing the problems of suffering in the family and can solve the problem (Perceived self-efficacy regarding stress management), 3) recognizing emotions such as anger and sadness and being able to control it (Outcome expectations regarding stress management practices), 4) choosing the exercise workout that is suitable for you (Perceived self-efficacy regarding physical exercise), 5) consumption of fish daily (Outcome expectations regarding nutrition), 6) abstaining from or avoiding alcoholic beverages (Perceived self-efficacy regarding nutrition), 7) drinking 6 - 8 glasses of clean water every day (Outcome expectations regarding nutrition) and 8) abstaining from or avoiding the consumption of shrimp, squid, streaky pork, offal, and eggs can help reduce the cholesterol and control the symptoms of diabetes and normalize the blood pressure (Outcome expectations regarding nutrition)].

Conclusion: Where all of these 8 factors could explain the variations or predict the self-care behaviors of diabetic or hypertension patients by 79.1% which is statistically significant at .05. The best factor significantly predicting self-care behavior (47.8%) is being able to exercise at least 3 - 5 times a week (Perceived self-efficacy regarding exercise).

Keywords: Self-Care Behavior; Perceived Self-Efficacy; Outcome Expectation; Diabetic Patient; Hypertension Patient

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