Review Article
Volume 7 Issue 2 - 2020
Management of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Sepsis in Children. A Systematic Literature Review
Yaser Reda Mandorah1*, May Mohammed Alkhezzi2, Mazi Mohammed Alanazi3, Maali Omar Alrashed4, Noura Mohssen Alassaf5, Mohammad Hassan Haroobi6, Ayman Ali Albarrak7, Abdullah Salah Alahmadi8, Hasnaa Ahmad Alhussan9 and Bader Abdulwahab Alamer9
1King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
3King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
5Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
6Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
7King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
8Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
9King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding Author: Yaser Reda Mandorah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Received: January 13, 2020; Published: January 22, 2020




Abstract

This review is aiming to discuss the management of systemic of inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis in children, the presented review was conducted between November 2018 to September 2019 by searching in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, BMJ journal and Google Scholar for, researches, review articles and reports, published over the past years. Were searched up to September 2019 for published and unpublished studies and without language restrictions, if several studies had similar findings, we randomly selected one or two to avoid repetitive results. On the basis of findings and results this review found the main goal of the management after the stabilizations of the patient hemodynamic; is to eliminate of the treat the triggering cause, then the use of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine, interferon gamma-1b, and Insulin, are show evidences to be effective in the management of inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis in children.

Keywords: Management; Systemic of Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS); Sepsis; Children

References

  1. Watson RS., et al. “The epidemiology of severe sepsis in children in the United States”. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 167 (2003): 695-701.
  2. Sepsis Alliance. “Frequently asked questions about sepsis and Sepsis Alliance”.
  3. Zimmer S., et al. “Effects of endotoxin on the Th1/Th2 response in humans”. Journal of Burns Care Rehabilitation 17 (1996): 491-496.
  4. Taniguchi T., et al. “Change in the ratio of interleukin-6 to interleukin-10 predicts a poor outcome in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome”. Critical Care Medicine 27 (1999): 1262-1264.
  5. Pinsky MR., et al. “Serum cytokine levels in human septic shock: relation to multiple-system organ failure and mortality”. Chest 103 (1993): 565-575.
  6. Marty C., et al. “Circulating interleukin-8 concentrations in patients with multiple organ failure of septic and nonseptic origin”. Critical Care Medicine 22 (1994): 673-679.
  7. Gerard C., et al. “Interleukin 10 reduces the release of tumor necrosis factor and prevents lethality in experimental endotoxemia”. Journal of Experimental Medicine 177 (1993): 547-550. 
  8. Howard M., et al. “Interleukin 10 protects mice from lethal endotoxemia”. Journal of Experimental Medicine 177 (1993): 1205-1208.
  9. Bone RC. “Immunologic dissonance: a continuing evolution in our understanding of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome”. Annals of Internal Medicine 125 (1996): 690-691. 
  10. Fisher CJ., et al. “Treatment of septic shock with the tumour necrosis factor: Fc fusion protein”. The New England Journal of Medicine 334 (1996): 1697-1702.
  11. Bone RC. “Sir Isaac Newton, sepsis, SIRS, and CARS”. Critical Care Medicine 24 (1996): 1125-1128. 
  12. Doherty GM., et al. “Evidence for IFN-gamma as a mediator of lethality of endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha”. Journal of Immunology 149 (1992): 1666-1670.
  13. Redmond HP., et al. “Inhibition of macrophage-activating cytokines is beneficial in the acute septic response”. Annuals of Surgery 214 (1991): 502-508.
  14. Ziegler EJ., et al. “Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin”. The New England Journal of Medicine 324 (1991): 429-436. 
  15. Fisher CJ., et al. “Influence of an anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody on cytokine levels in patients with sepsis”. Critical Care Medicine 21 (1993): 318-327.
  16. Fisher CJ., et al. “Recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome: results from a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial”. JAMA 271 (1994): 1836-1843.
  17. Dhainaut JF., et al. “Platelet activating factor receptor antagonist BN 52021 in the treatment of severe sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical trial”. Critical Care Medicine 22 (1994): 1720-1728.
  18. Bone RC. “Why sepsis trials fail”. JAMA 276 (1996): 565-566. 
  19. Luce JM. “Introduction of new technology into critical care practice: a history of HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin”. Critical Care Medicine 21 (1993): 1233-1241.
  20. Platzer C., et al. “Up-regulation of monocytic IL-10 by tumor necrosis factor-an and cAMP elevating drugs”. International Immunology 7 (1995): 517-523.
  21. Volk H-D., et al. “Alterations in function and phenotype of monocytes from patients with septic disease: predictive value and new therapeutic strategies”. Behring-Institute-Mitteilungen 88 (1991): 209-215.
  22. Dcke WD., et al. “Improvement of monocyte function: a new therapeutic approach?” In: Reinhart K, Eyrich K, eds. Sepsis: Current Perspectives in Pathophysiology and Therapy. New York: Springer-Verlag NY Inc (1994): 473-500.
  23. van den Berghe G., et al. “Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients”. The New England Journal of Medicine 345 (2001): 1359-1367.
  24. Jeschke MG., et al. “Insulin attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to thermal trauma”. Molecular Medicine 8 (2002): 443-450.
  25. PC Ng., et al. “Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses in preterm infants with systemic infections”. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition 88 (2003): F209-F213.
  26. Wolfgang J., et al. “Interferon Gamma-1b in the Treatment of Compensatory Anti-inflammatory Response Syndrome”. JAMA 157 (1997): 389-393.
  27. Marc G., et al. “Insulin Treatment Improves the Systemic Inflammatory Reaction to Severe Trauma”. Annuals of Surgery 239.4 (2004): 553-560.
  28. Chakraborty RK and Burns B. “Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome” (2019). 
>
Citation: Yaser Reda Mandorah., et al. “Management of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Sepsis in Children. A Systematic Literature Review”. EC Gastroenterology and Digestive System 7.2 (2020): 01-06.

PubMed Indexed Article


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
LC-UV-MS and MS/MS Characterize Glutathione Reactivity with Different Isomers (2,2' and 2,4' vs. 4,4') of Methylene Diphenyl-Diisocyanate.

PMID: 31143884 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6536005


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Alzheimer's Pathogenesis, Metal-Mediated Redox Stress, and Potential Nanotheranostics.

PMID: 31565701 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6764777


EC Neurology
Differences in Rate of Cognitive Decline and Caregiver Burden between Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia: a Retrospective Study.

PMID: 27747317 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5065347


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Will Blockchain Technology Transform Healthcare and Biomedical Sciences?

PMID: 31460519 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6711478


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Is it a Prime Time for AI-powered Virtual Drug Screening?

PMID: 30215059 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6133253


EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Analysis of Evidence for the Combination of Pro-dopamine Regulator (KB220PAM) and Naltrexone to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder Relapse.

PMID: 30417173 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6226033


EC Anaesthesia
Arrest Under Anesthesia - What was the Culprit? A Case Report.

PMID: 30264037 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6155992


EC Orthopaedics
Distraction Implantation. A New Technique in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Direct Skeletal Attachment.

PMID: 30198026 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6124505


EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine
Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults aged 40-79: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012.

PMID: 30294723 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6169793


EC Dental Science
Important Dental Fiber-Reinforced Composite Molding Compound Breakthroughs

PMID: 29285526 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5743211


EC Microbiology
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among HIV Infected and HIV Uninfected Patients Treated at the 1o De Maio Health Centre in Maputo, Mozambique

PMID: 29911204 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5999047


EC Microbiology
Macrophages and the Viral Dissemination Super Highway

PMID: 26949751 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC4774560


EC Microbiology
The Microbiome, Antibiotics, and Health of the Pediatric Population.

PMID: 27390782 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC4933318


EC Microbiology
Reactive Oxygen Species in HIV Infection

PMID: 28580453 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5450819


EC Microbiology
A Review of the CD4 T Cell Contribution to Lung Infection, Inflammation and Repair with a Focus on Wheeze and Asthma in the Pediatric Population

PMID: 26280024 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC4533840


EC Neurology
Identifying Key Symptoms Differentiating Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome from Multiple Sclerosis

PMID: 28066845 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5214344


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Paradigm Shift is the Normal State of Pharmacology

PMID: 28936490 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5604476


EC Neurology
Examining those Meeting IOM Criteria Versus IOM Plus Fibromyalgia

PMID: 28713879 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5510658


EC Neurology
Unilateral Frontosphenoid Craniosynostosis: Case Report and a Review of the Literature

PMID: 28133641 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5267489


EC Ophthalmology
OCT-Angiography for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Neuronal and Vascular Structure in Mouse Retina: Implication for Characterization of Retinal Neurovascular Coupling

PMID: 29333536 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5766278


EC Neurology
Longer Duration of Downslope Treadmill Walking Induces Depression of H-Reflexes Measured during Standing and Walking.

PMID: 31032493 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6483108


EC Microbiology
Onchocerciasis in Mozambique: An Unknown Condition for Health Professionals.

PMID: 30957099 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6448571


EC Nutrition
Food Insecurity among Households with and without Podoconiosis in East and West Gojjam, Ethiopia.

PMID: 30101228 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6086333


EC Ophthalmology
REVIEW. +2 to +3 D. Reading Glasses to Prevent Myopia.

PMID: 31080964 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6508883


EC Gynaecology
Biomechanical Mapping of the Female Pelvic Floor: Uterine Prolapse Versus Normal Conditions.

PMID: 31093608 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6513001


EC Dental Science
Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Breakthrough in Practical Clinical Applications with Advanced Wear Resistance for Dental Materials.

PMID: 31552397 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6758937


EC Microbiology
Neurocysticercosis in Child Bearing Women: An Overlooked Condition in Mozambique and a Potentially Missed Diagnosis in Women Presenting with Eclampsia.

PMID: 31681909 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6824723


EC Microbiology
Molecular Detection of Leptospira spp. in Rodents Trapped in the Mozambique Island City, Nampula Province, Mozambique.

PMID: 31681910 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6824726


EC Neurology
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Cross-Talk in Neurodegenerative and Eye Diseases.

PMID: 31528859 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6746603


EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Can Chronic Consumption of Caffeine by Increasing D2/D3 Receptors Offer Benefit to Carriers of the DRD2 A1 Allele in Cocaine Abuse?

PMID: 31276119 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6604646


EC Anaesthesia
Real Time Locating Systems and sustainability of Perioperative Efficiency of Anesthesiologists.

PMID: 31406965 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6690616


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
A Pilot STEM Curriculum Designed to Teach High School Students Concepts in Biochemical Engineering and Pharmacology.

PMID: 31517314 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6741290


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Toxic Mechanisms Underlying Motor Activity Changes Induced by a Mixture of Lead, Arsenic and Manganese.

PMID: 31633124 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6800226


EC Neurology
Research Volunteers' Attitudes Toward Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.

PMID: 29662969 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC5898812


EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.

PMID: 30215058 [PubMed]

PMCID: PMC6133268


News and Events


March Issue Release

We always feel pleasure to share our updates with you all. Here, notifying you that we have successfully released the March issue of respective journals and the latest articles can be viewed on the current issue pages.

Submission Deadline for Upcoming Issue

ECronicon delightfully welcomes all the authors around the globe for effective collaboration with an article submission for the upcoming issue of respective journals. Submissions are accepted on/before April 14, 2023.

Certificate of Publication

ECronicon honors with a "Publication Certificate" to the corresponding author by including the names of co-authors as a token of appreciation for publishing the work with our respective journals.

Best Article of the Issue

Editors of respective journals will always be very much interested in electing one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of the selected article will be honored with a "Best Article of the Issue" certificate.

Certifying for Review

ECronicon certifies the Editors for their first review done towards the assigned article of the respective journals.

Latest Articles

The latest articles will be updated immediately on the articles in press page of the respective journals.