During the current global pandemic of COVID 19, many of us are going through a lot of stress and worries which increases the cortisol hormone levels and is leading us towards a state of chronic stress with each day. COVID-19 is recognized worldwide as a major public health issue due to rapid human-to human transmission. The article summarizes existing knowledge and points out key outstanding research areas to understand inevitable stress due to pandemic and the effects on the body and mind they lead to. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel disease caused by the newly discovered coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus (CoV). After infection the need for quarantine, financial worry and fear of the many unknown things all lead to sleepless nights and act as a stressor to the human population existing on this planet today. The main clinical manifestation that leads to hospital admission is the coronavirus pneumonia [1]. COVID-19 in Wuhan has caused an outbreak and become a major public health issue in China and great concern from international community. Myocarditis and myocardial injury were suspected and may be considered as one of the leading causes for death of COVID-19 patients [2].
References
- Enrico Ammirati and Dao Wen Wang. “SARS-CoV-2 inflames the heart. “The importance of awareness of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients”. International Journal of Cardiology 311 (2020): 122-123.
- Qing Deng., et al. “Suspected myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19: Evidence from front-line clinical observation in Wuhan, China”. International Journal of Cardiology 311 (2020): 116-121.
- , et al. “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the neuroendocrine stress axis”. Molecular Psychiatry 25 (2020): 1611-1617.
- , et al. “Developmental trajectories of early life stress and trauma: a narrative review on neurobiological aspects beyond stress system dysregulation” Front Psychiatry 10 (2019): 118.
- McEwen BS. “Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators”. The New England Journal of Medicine 338 (1998): 171-179.
- Chrousos GP. “The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation”. The New England Journal of Medicine 32 (1995): 1351-1362.
- Glaser R., et al. “Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health”. Nature Reviews Immunology 5 (2005): 243-251.
- Deepak Bhatt. “Stress cardiomyopathy: A different kind of heart attack” Editorial Harvard Heart Letter (2020).
- , et al. “Post-SARS sickness syndrome manifestations and endocrinopathy: how, why, and so what?” Clinical Endocrinology 63 (2005): 363-365.
- , et al. “Hypocortisolism in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)”. Clinical Endocrinology 63 (2005): 197-202.
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