Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality and disability around the world [1-3]. Although in previous decades the clinical and socioeconomical burden of CAD was mainly seen in older population, premature cardiovascular death and years of life lost due to cardiovascular disease have gradually increased since the end of the last century [1,3]. Besides quality of life is significantly reduced after a premature cardiovascular event, subjects at their fourth decade of life diminish their productive and psychosocial activities that adversely impacts all countries at every socioeconomical level [1,3]. Therefore, adequate secondary prevention of premature CAD will reduce the overwhelming costs to global health economies and reduces the risk for incident and recurrent cardiovascular events [4,5].
References
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- Hansson Göran K. “Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease”. The New England Journal of Medicine16 (2005): 1685-1695.
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- Poorzand Hoorak., et al. “Risk factors of premature coronary artery disease in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis”. European Journal of Clinical Investigation7 (2019): e13124.
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- Cole Jason H and Laurence S Sperling. “Premature coronary artery disease: clinical risk factors and prognosis”. Current Atherosclerosis Reports2 (2004): 121-125.
- Lloyd-Sherlock Peter., et al. “Reducing the cardiovascular disease burden for people of all ages in the Americas region: analysis of mortality data, 2000-15”. The Lancet Global Health5 (2019): e604-e612.
- Jellinger Paul S., et al. “American Association Of Clinical Endocrinologists And American College Of Endocrinology Guidelines For Management Of Dyslipidemia And Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease”. Endocrine Practice: Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists2 (2017): 1-87.
- Villarreal-Molina Teresa., et al. “The ABCA1 gene R230C variant is associated with decreased risk of premature coronary artery disease: the genetics of atherosclerotic disease (GEA) study”. PloS One 11 (2012): e49285.
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- American Diabetes Association. “10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019”. Diabetes Care1 (2019): S103-S123.
- Yusuf Salim., et al. “Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study”. Lancet9438 (2004): 937-952.
- Fan Wenjun., et al. “Composite cardiovascular risk factor target achievement and its predictors in US adults with diabetes: The Diabetes Collaborative Registry”. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism5 (2019): 1121-1127.
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- Kitkungvan Danai., et al. “Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol target achievement in patients at high risk for coronary heart disease”. Journal of Clinical Lipidology4 (2010): 293-297.
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