Abstract
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) toxicity is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is estimated that poisoning contributes to more than 1 million poisonings and up to half a million deaths each year, yet it is preventable and treatable.
Acetaminophen toxicity is the second most common cause of liver transplantation worldwide. However, studies concerning poisoning in Botswana are scant, although it has been reported that poisoning contributes 6.7% of the total injuries and is ranked third next to falls and automobile accidents among external causes of mortality.
This case report reviews the aetiology, evaluation, and treatment of acetaminophen overdose.
Keywords: Acetaminophen/Paracetamol Toxicity; Acetaminophen Overdose; Acute Liver Failure; N-Acetylcysteine; Liver Hepatotoxicity; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Liver Transplant
References
- Van Hoving D., et al. “The burden of intentional self-poisoning on a district-hospital public hospital in Cape Town, South Africa”. African Journal of Emergency Medicine3 (2018): 79-83.
- Kasule M and Malangu N. “Profile of acute poisoning in three health districts of Botswana”. African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine 1 (2009): 10.
- Hodgman MJ and Garrard AR. “A review of acetaminophen poisoning”. Critical Care Clinics 28 (2012): 499-516.
- Rumack BH and Matthew H. “Acetaminophen poisoning and toxicity”. Pediatrics 55 (1975): 871-876.
- Kramer J., et al. “The association of disseminated intravascular coagulation with specific diseases”. Éditions Scientifiques et Médicales Elsevier SAS (2002): 576.
- Dart RC., et al. “Acetaminophen poisoning: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management”. Clinical Toxicology 44 (2006): 1-18.
- Kanter MZ. “Comparison of oral and i.v. acetylcysteine in the treatment of acetaminophen poisoning”. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 63 (2006): 1821-1827.
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