Abstract
Leukaemia is among the leading haematological disorders causing the deaths of many in the society. This paper was reviewed to update the dangers associated with acute leukaemia. The paper was reviewed using different search engines like Google scholar, Researchgate, Pubmed, Scopus, etc. Acute leukaemia is a leukaemia with serious medical conditions needing emergency medical attention. It can convert sometimes to chronic leukaemia. The onset of the course of the disease is sudden and life-threatening. Prompt diagnosis could be helpful in the management of the patients. The experts involved in the diagnosis and management should attend regular trainings and conferences to update themselves on the new approaches on acute leukaemia to achieve optimal results in the patients. This paper tried to update the public on the overview, course, mechanism, treatment and diagnosis of acute leukaemia.
Keywords: Acute Leukaemia; Acute Myeloid Leukaemia; Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia; Myelogenous Leukaemia
References
- Wolach O and Stone RM. “How I treat mixed-phenotype acute leukemia”. Blood 125.16 (2015): 2477-2485.
- “Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment”. National Cancer Institute (2017).
- Marino Bradley S and Fine Katie S. “Blueprints Pediatrics”. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (2013): 205.
- Döhner H., et al. “Acute Myeloid Leukemia”. The New England Journal of Medicine 373.12 (2015): 1136-1152.
- GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. “Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015”. Lancet 388.10053 (2016): 1545-1602.
- Hoffman R. “Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice (4th edition.)”. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone (2005): 1074-1075.
- Abeloff and Martin. “Clinical Oncology (3rd edition.)”. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone (2004): 2834.
- Jaiswal Siddhartha., et al. “Age-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis Associated with Adverse Outcomes”. New England Journal of Medicine 371.26 (2014): 2488-2498.
- Thirman MJ., et al. “Rearrangement of the MLL gene in acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemias with 11q23 chromosomal translocations”. The New England Journal of Medicine 329.13 (1993): 909-914.
- Linet MS. “The Leukemias: Epidemiologic Aspects”. Oxford University Press, New York (1985).
- Yoshinaga S., et al. “Cancer risks among radiologists and radiologic technologists: review of epidemiologic studies”. Radiology 233.2 (2004): 313-321.
- Radivoyevitch T., et al. “Defining AML and MDS second cancer risk dynamics after diagnoses of first cancers treated or not with radiation". Leukemia 30.2 (2016): 285-294.
- Horwitz M. “The genetics of familial leukemia”. Leukemia 11.8 (1997): 1347-1359.
- Crispino JD and Horwitz MS. “GATA factor mutations in hematologic disease”. Blood 129.15 (2017): 2103-2110.
- Fialkow PJ., et al. “Clonal remissions in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: evidence for a multistep pathogenesis of the malignancy”. Blood 77.7 (1991): 1415-1417.
- Bonnet D and Dick JE. "Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell". Nature Medicine 3.7 (1997): 730-737.
- Greer JP., et al. “Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology (11th edition.)”. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins (2004): 2045-2062.
- Molenaar Remco J., et al. “The driver and passenger effects of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations in oncogenesis and survival prolongation". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer 1846.2 (2014): 326-341.
- Kayser S and Levis MJ. “FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia: clinical implications and limitations”. Leukemia and Lymphoma 55.2 (2014): 243-255.
- Fenaux P., et al. “A Randomized Comparison of All Transretinoic Acid (ATRA) Followed by Chemotherapy and ATRA Plus Chemotherapy and the Role of Maintenance Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. The European APL Group”. Blood 94.4 (1999): 1192-1200.
- Estey EH. “Treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia”. Oncology 16.3 (2002): 343-356.
- Appelbaum FR., et al. “NCCN Practice Guidelines for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia". Oncology 14.11 (2000): 53-61.
- Brune M., et al. “Improved leukemia-free survival after post-consolidation immunotherapy with histamine dihydrochloride and interleukin-2 in acute myeloid leukemia: results of a randomized phase 3 trial". Blood 108.1 (2006): 88-96.
- Hunger Stephen P and Mullighan Charles G. “Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children”. New England Journal of Medicine 373.16 (2015): 1541-1552.
- Inaba H., et al. “Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia". Lancet 381.991 (2013): 1943-1955.
- Ferri Fred F. “Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1”. Elsevier Health Sciences (2017): 743.
- Paul Shilpa., et al. “Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 91.11 (2016): 1645-1666.
- Besa EC., et al. “Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia". Medscape Reference. Web MD (2013).
- Provan D and Gribben JG. “Chapter 7 Chronic myelogenous leukemia. Molecular Hematology (3rd edition)”. Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell (2010).
- Tefferi A., et al. “Proposals and rationale for revision of the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis: recommendations from an ad hoc international expert panel”. Blood 110.4 (2007): 1092-1097.
- Weick JK., et al. “A randomized investigation of high-dose versus standard-dose cytosine arabinoside with daunorubicin in patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group study”. Blood 88.8 (1996): 2841-2851.
Journal Menu
PubMed Indexed Article
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
LC-UV-MS and MS/MS Characterize Glutathione Reactivity with Different Isomers (2,2' and 2,4' vs. 4,4') of Methylene Diphenyl-Diisocyanate.
PMID: 31143884 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6536005
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Alzheimer's Pathogenesis, Metal-Mediated Redox Stress, and Potential Nanotheranostics.
PMID: 31565701 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6764777
EC Neurology
Differences in Rate of Cognitive Decline and Caregiver Burden between Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia: a Retrospective Study.
PMID: 27747317 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5065347
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Will Blockchain Technology Transform Healthcare and Biomedical Sciences?
PMID: 31460519 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6711478
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Is it a Prime Time for AI-powered Virtual Drug Screening?
PMID: 30215059 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6133253
EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Analysis of Evidence for the Combination of Pro-dopamine Regulator (KB220PAM) and Naltrexone to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder Relapse.
PMID: 30417173 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6226033
EC Anaesthesia
Arrest Under Anesthesia - What was the Culprit? A Case Report.
PMID: 30264037 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6155992
EC Orthopaedics
Distraction Implantation. A New Technique in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Direct Skeletal Attachment.
PMID: 30198026 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6124505
EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine
Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults aged 40-79: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012.
PMID: 30294723 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6169793
EC Dental Science
Important Dental Fiber-Reinforced Composite Molding Compound Breakthroughs
PMID: 29285526 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5743211
EC Microbiology
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among HIV Infected and HIV Uninfected Patients Treated at the 1o De Maio Health Centre in Maputo, Mozambique
PMID: 29911204 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5999047
EC Microbiology
Macrophages and the Viral Dissemination Super Highway
PMID: 26949751 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4774560
EC Microbiology
The Microbiome, Antibiotics, and Health of the Pediatric Population.
PMID: 27390782 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4933318
EC Microbiology
Reactive Oxygen Species in HIV Infection
PMID: 28580453 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5450819
EC Microbiology
A Review of the CD4 T Cell Contribution to Lung Infection, Inflammation and Repair with a Focus on Wheeze and Asthma in the Pediatric Population
PMID: 26280024 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4533840
EC Neurology
Identifying Key Symptoms Differentiating Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome from Multiple Sclerosis
PMID: 28066845 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5214344
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Paradigm Shift is the Normal State of Pharmacology
PMID: 28936490 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5604476
EC Neurology
Examining those Meeting IOM Criteria Versus IOM Plus Fibromyalgia
PMID: 28713879 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5510658
EC Neurology
Unilateral Frontosphenoid Craniosynostosis: Case Report and a Review of the Literature
PMID: 28133641 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5267489
EC Ophthalmology
OCT-Angiography for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Neuronal and Vascular Structure in Mouse Retina: Implication for Characterization of Retinal Neurovascular Coupling
PMID: 29333536 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5766278
EC Neurology
Longer Duration of Downslope Treadmill Walking Induces Depression of H-Reflexes Measured during Standing and Walking.
PMID: 31032493 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6483108
EC Microbiology
Onchocerciasis in Mozambique: An Unknown Condition for Health Professionals.
PMID: 30957099 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6448571
EC Nutrition
Food Insecurity among Households with and without Podoconiosis in East and West Gojjam, Ethiopia.
PMID: 30101228 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6086333
EC Ophthalmology
REVIEW. +2 to +3 D. Reading Glasses to Prevent Myopia.
PMID: 31080964 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6508883
EC Gynaecology
Biomechanical Mapping of the Female Pelvic Floor: Uterine Prolapse Versus Normal Conditions.
PMID: 31093608 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6513001
EC Dental Science
Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Breakthrough in Practical Clinical Applications with Advanced Wear Resistance for Dental Materials.
PMID: 31552397 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6758937
EC Microbiology
Neurocysticercosis in Child Bearing Women: An Overlooked Condition in Mozambique and a Potentially Missed Diagnosis in Women Presenting with Eclampsia.
PMID: 31681909 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6824723
EC Microbiology
Molecular Detection of Leptospira spp. in Rodents Trapped in the Mozambique Island City, Nampula Province, Mozambique.
PMID: 31681910 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6824726
EC Neurology
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Cross-Talk in Neurodegenerative and Eye Diseases.
PMID: 31528859 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6746603
EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Can Chronic Consumption of Caffeine by Increasing D2/D3 Receptors Offer Benefit to Carriers of the DRD2 A1 Allele in Cocaine Abuse?
PMID: 31276119 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6604646
EC Anaesthesia
Real Time Locating Systems and sustainability of Perioperative Efficiency of Anesthesiologists.
PMID: 31406965 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6690616
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
A Pilot STEM Curriculum Designed to Teach High School Students Concepts in Biochemical Engineering and Pharmacology.
PMID: 31517314 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6741290
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Toxic Mechanisms Underlying Motor Activity Changes Induced by a Mixture of Lead, Arsenic and Manganese.
PMID: 31633124 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6800226
EC Neurology
Research Volunteers' Attitudes Toward Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.
PMID: 29662969 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5898812
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.
PMID: 30215058 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6133268
News and Events
April Issue Release
We always feel pleasure to share our updates with you all. Here, notifying you that we have successfully released the April issue of respective journals and the latest articles can be viewed on the current issue pages.
Submission Deadline for upcoming Issue
Ecronicon delightfully welcomes all the authors around the globe for effective collaboration with an article submission for the upcoming issue of respective journals. Submissions are accepted on/before April 26, 2021.
Certificate of Publication
Ecronicon honors with a "Publication Certificate" to the corresponding author by including the names of co-authors as a token of appreciation for publishing the work with our respective journals.
Best Article of the Issue
Editors of respective journals will always be very much interested in electing one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of the selected article will be honored with a "Best Article of the Issue" certificate.
Certifying for Review
Ecronicon certifies the Editors for their first review done towards the assigned article of the respective journals.
Latest Articles
The latest articles will be updated immediately on the articles in press page of the respective journals.
Immediate Assistance
The prime motto of this team is to clarify all the queries without any delay or hesitation to avoid the inconvenience. For immediate assistance on your queries please don't hesitate to drop an email to editor@ecronicon.uk