Abstract
Coronaviruses can infect birds and mammals, including humans. The coronavirus 2019-nCoV is believed to have originated in Wuhan, China. To date, little is known about this coronavirus, although it shares characteristics and presentations of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which predated 2019-nCoV. The virus can encode a large number of genes in a small number of nucleotides, making it potentially virulent and problematic to treat. Currently, there is no vaccine or approved drug regime to prevent or treat 2019-nCoV. Thus, the avoidance of the spread of the virus and the identification and isolation immediately of infected individuals are crucial to containing this contagion and averting a global pandemic. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and numerous country-specific organizations have developed and published prevention and control recommendations for patients under investigation for 2019-nCoV, specifically for healthcare workers and emergency department personnel. This review contains a summary of the current (interim) epidemiological information, clinical presentation, and prevention and treatment of 2019-nCoV, with vital links to resources regarding screening, reporting, and specimen collection.
Keywords: 2019-nCoV; Coronavirus; COVID-19; MERS-CoV; Mortality; SARS-CoV
References
- Woodward A. “Both the new coronavirus and SARS outbreaks likely started in Chinese wet markets. Photos show what the markets look like”. Business Insider (2020). https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/the-outbreaks-of-both-the-wuhan-coronavirus-and-sars-started-in-chinese-wet-markets-photos-show-what-the-markets-look-like-/articleshow/73535775.cms
- Westcott B and Deng S. “China has made eating wild animals illegal after the coronavirus outbreak. But ending the trade won't be easy”. CNN Online (2020). https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/05/asia/china-coronavirus-wildlife-consumption-ban-intl-hnk/index.html
- Fehr AR and Perlman S. “Coronaviruses: An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis”. Methods in Molecular Biology 1282 (2015): 1-23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4369385/
- de Groot RJ., et al. "Family Coronaviridae". In AMQ King, E Lefkowitz, MJ Adams, EB Carstens (eds.). Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier, Oxford (2011): 806-828.
- International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2010). https://talk.ictvonline.org/
- Sexton NR., et al. "Homology-Based Identification of a Mutation in the Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase That Confers Resistance to Multiple Mutagens". Journal of Virology 90.16 (2016): 7415-7428. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27279608
- Zhu., et al. “A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019”. New England Journal of Medicine 382 (2020): 727-733. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31978945
- Li F., et al. "Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor". Science 309.5742 (2005): 1864-1868. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16166518
- Doucleef M. "Scientists Go Deep On Genes Of SARS-Like Virus". Associated Press (2012). https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/09/25/161770135/scientists-go-deep-on-genes-of-sars-like-virus
- "New SARS-like virus found in Middle East". Al-Jazeera (2012). https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/09/2012924182013530585.html
- Kelland K. "New virus not spreading easily between people: WHO". Reuters (2012). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-virus-who/new-virus-not-spreading-easily-between-people-who-idUSBRE88R0F220120928
- Nouveau coronavirus - Point de situation: Un nouveau cas d’infection confirmé (Novel coronavirus - Status report: A new case of confirmed infection) (2013). https://solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/archives/archives-presse/archives-communiques-de-presse/annee-2013/article/nouveau-coronavirus-point-de-situation-un-nouveau-cas-d-infection-confirme
- "MERS Transmission". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/about/transmission.html
- "Novel coronavirus infection - update". World Health Association (2013). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen
- "MERS in the U.S.". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/index.html
- Sang-Hun Choe. "MERS Virus's Path: One Man, Many South Korean Hospitals". The New York Times (2015). https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/09/world/asia/mers-viruss-path-one-man-many-south-korean-hospitals.html
- Fehr AR and Perlman S. "Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis". Coronaviruses: Methods in Molecular Biology 1282 (2015): 1-23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4369385/
- “WHO Statement Regarding Cluster of Pneumonia Cases in Wuhan, China" (2020). https://www.who.int/china/news/detail/09-01-2020-who-statement-regarding-cluster-of-pneumonia-cases-in-wuhan-china
- Letchumanan V., et al. “The rising fear of Wuhan Virus ‘2019-nCoV’”. Progress in Microbes and Molecular Biology 3.1 (2020): a0000053. http://www.journals.hh-publisher.com/index.php/pmmb/article/view/107
- "Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)". WHO (2019). https://www.who.int/csr/don/31-january-2020-mers-united-arab-emirates/en/
- “MERS Transmission". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-criteria.html