Abstract

Advances in cancer therapy or diagnosis are offered by immunotherapy, there are several approaches of immune therapy to counter cancer. Conventional cancer chemotherapy relied, killing the cancer cells by cytotoxic drugs. Due to toxic effects of the drugs on the patient and also the drug induced cancer with variety of adverse drug reactions. The cancer therapy was much faired. The quality of life of patients and high economic cost of drugs was very much discouraging for the patients. The new therapy in which immune system is applied no such side effects and new drug induced cancers that are not observed. The immune therapy can be described as utilizing owns immune system to counter the cancer. The immune therapy has several streams of treatments such as checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines for the treatment of cancer. In this article we are discussing chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy with other immune therapy.

Keywords: CAR-T Therapy; Immunotherapy; Adoptive T-Cells Therapy; TCR Therapy

References

1. Han X., et al. “Chimeric antigen receptor modified T-cells for cancer treatment”. Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 4.4 (2018): 225-243. 
2. Wang Z., et al. “New development in CAR-T cell therapy”. Journal of Hematology and Oncology 10 (2017): 53.
3. Wu Y., et al. “The efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy in animal models for solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis”. PLoS One 12.11 (2017): 0187902. 
4. Riaz IB., et al. “Anti-CD 19 and anti-CD 20 CAR-modified T cells for B-cell malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Immunotherapy 9.12 (2017): 979-993.
5. Wei G., et al. “Advances of CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia”. Experimental Hematology and Oncology 5 (2017): 10.
6. Wang Y., et al. “Effective response and delayed toxicities of refractory advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated by CD20-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells”. Journal of Clinical Immunology 155 (2014): 160-175.
7. Mirzaei HR., et al. “Chimeric antigen receptors T cell therapy in solid tumor: challenges and clinical applications”. Frontiers in Immunology 8 (2017): 1850. 
8. Valton J., et al. “A Multidrug-resistant Engineered CAR-T cell for allogeneic combination immunotherapy”. Molecular Therapy 23 (2015): 1507-1518.
9. Liu KY., et al. “Retargeted human avidin-CAR-T cells for adoptive immunotherapy of EGFRvIII expressing gliomas and their evaluation via optical imaging”. Oncotarget 6 (2015): 23735-23747.
10. Zeming Mo., et al. “The Multi-Purpose Tool of Tumor Immunotherapy: Gene-Engineered T Cells”. Journal of Cancer 8.9 (2017): 1690-1703.
11. Golubovskaya V and Wu L. “Different Subsets of T Cells, Memory, Effector Functions, and CAR-T Immunotherapy”. Cancers (Basel) 8.3 (2015): 36.
12. John K Lee., et al. “Systemic surfaceome profiling identifies target antigens for immune-based therapy in subtypes of advanced prostate”. Ccancer 115.19 (2018): E4473-E4482.
13. Marybeth SY., et al. “Transfer of a TCR Gene Derived from a Patient with a Marked Antitumor Response Conveys Highly Active T-Cell Effector Functions”. Human Gene Therapy 16 (2005): 457-72.
14. Scholten KB., et al. “Generating HPV specific T helper cells for the treatment of HPV induced malignancies using TCR gene transfer”. Journal of Translational Medicine 9 (2011): 147.
15. Gehring AJ., et al. “Engineering virus-specific T cells that target HBV infected hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines”. Journal of Hepatology 55 (2011): 103-110.
16. Torikai H., et al. “Toward eliminating HLA class I expression to generate universal cells from allogeneic donors”. Blood 122 (2013): 1341-1349.
17. Li H., et al. “The miR-17-92 cluster as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer: evidence and literature review”. Oncotarget (2017).
18. Cho S., et al. “miR-23 approximately 27 approximately 24 clusters control effector T cell differentiation and function”. Journal of Experimental Medicine 213 (2016): 235-249.
19. Sadegh-Nasseri S., et al. “Suboptimal engagement of the T-cell receptor by a variety of peptide-MHC ligands triggers T-cell anergy”. Immunology 129.1 (2010): 1-7. 
20. Challice L Bonifant., et al. “Toxicity and management in CAR-T-cell therapy”. Molecular Therapy Oncolytics 3 (2016): 16011.