
The concept of surgically assisted orthodontic tooth movement has been studied since the 1800’s.In 1893, L.C. Bryan was the first to describe corticotomy facilitated tooth movement. This was published in the textbook by SH Guiliford[4].
It is based on the principle of Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon (RAP). RAP was first described by Herald Frost in 1983. Frost recognised that original injury resulted in accelerated normal regional healing process. RAP was described as a local response of the tissue to a noxious stimuli resulting in accelerated regional regeneration process. However, this response was directly related to the size, duration, intensity and magnitude of the stimuli. RAP may last for four months in human bone and increase the bone healing by 10-50 times faster than normal bone turnover[9]. Shih and Norrdin concluded that corticotoomy of the intraoral cortical bone resulted in a transient burst of hard and soft tissue remodelling thereby accelerating the normal regional healing process[10]. Accelerated bone turnover and decreased regional bone density are two main features of RAP which play a major role in orthodontic tooth movements.
This procedure can be carried out for all ages. A few contra-indications include dental bone loss, periodontal disease anddamaged roots. Patients on NSAIDs are contra-indicated. This technique is useful in treating almost all cases of mal aligned teeth except Class III cases.
Advantages [13]
1. Drastic reduction in the time taken for tooth movement
2. Root resorption not reported in most cases
3. Incidence of relapse is low
4. After AOO, there is more bone to support your teeth and facial profile
5. Less need for appliances and headgear (depending on the case)
6. The technique has its roots in proven orthopaedic research and treatments
Disadvantages [13]
1. Expensive procedure
2. Mildly invasive surgical procedure with associated risk of pain, swelling and the possibility of infection
3. Patients on NSAIDs cannot be treated with this technique
4. Class III malocclusion cases cannot be treated.
Corticotomy-assisted orthodontics is a therapeutic procedure involving controlled surgical damage resulting in an accelerated tooth movement. The procedure aims at modifying the balance between the resorption and opposition of bone. This helps in reducing the time taken for the alveolar bone to resorb and thereby leading to rapid movement of the teeth without causing any damage to the periodontium. The alveolar bone comprises of lamellar bone which is configured into cortical and trabecular bone. During a healthy state, the balance between apposition and mineralization is maintained. Due to the difference in the surface volumes between the trabecular and cortical bone, it takes less time to remodel the trabecular bone [14]. Selective alveolar destruction leads to regional alveolar osteopenia and increased secretion of calcium from the spongiosa. The latter may be attributed to osteoclasis and osteocyticosteolysis. This results in a catabolic condition followed by new bone deposition. The osteoid begins to mineralize in 20-55 days [7].
Lasers
Laser assistedcorticotomyis considered a highly useful non-invasive procedure. It utilizes the Erbium, Chromium doped Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er-Cr: YSGG) laser irradiation to reduce the cortical bone without reflecting the flap surgically. This leads to an enhanced orthodontic tooth movement [15].
Tomaso Vercelllotti described the MTDLD technique involving two separate, simultaneous dental movements acting on opposite surfaces of the root. Vertical and horizontal microsurgical corticotomies are performed around tooth root surface that are in the direction of movement. Strong biomechanical forces are immediately applied leading to the rapid dislocation of the bone and the root surface. A rapid distraction of ligament fibres is produced on the root surfaces that are opposite to the direction of movement. These are caused due to the dislocation forces. The final tooth movement is achieved by the application of normal orthodontic biomechanics [16].
- Vig PS., et al. “The duration of orthodontic treatment with and without extractions: a pilot study of five selected practices”. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 97.1 (1990): 45-51.
- Reitan K. et al. “Biomechanical principles and reactions”. In: Graber TM and Swain BF. Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques”. St. Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby Company (1985):101-192.
- Wilcko MT., et al. “Accelerated osteogenic orthodontics technique: a 1-stage surgically facilitated rapid orthodontic technique with alveolar augmentation”. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 67 (2009): 2149-2159.
- Guilford SH. “Orthodontia: Or Malposition of the Human Teeth, Its Prevention and Remedy”. Philadelphia, PA: Spangler and Davis (1893).
- Köle H. “Surgical operations on the alveolar ridge to correct occlusal abnormalities”. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology 12.5 (1959): 515-529.
- Duker J. “Experimental animal research into segmental alveolar movement after corticotomy”. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 3 (1975): 81-84.
- Suya H. “Corticotomy in orthodontics”. In: Hösl E and Baldauf A, eds. Mechanical and Biological Basis in Orthodontics Therapy. Heidelberg, Germany: HütligBuch (1991):107-226.
- Wilcko WM., et al. “Rapid orthodontics with alveolar reshaping: two case reports of decrowding”. The International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 21.1 (2001): 9-19.
- Frost HM. “The regional acceleratory phenomenon: a review”. Henry Ford Hospital medical journal 31. (1983): 3-9.
- Shih MS and Norrdin RW. “Regional acceleration of remodelling during healing of bone defects in beagles of various ages”. Bone6.5(1985): 377-379.
- Goldie RS and King GJ. “Root resorption and tooth movement in orthodontically treated, calcium-deficient, and lactating rats”. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics 85.5 (1984): 424-430.
- Wilcko WM., et al. “Rapid orthodontic decrowding with alveolar augmentation: case report”. World Journal of Orthodontics 4 (2003):197-205.
- TusharSakal Pathak., et al. “Wilckodontics”. Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 3.1 (2013): 15-19.
- Frost HM. “The biology of fracture healing: An overview for clinicians. Part II”. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 248 (1989): 283-289.
- MassoudSeifi., et al. “The innovated laser assisted flapless corticotomy to enhance orthodontic tooth movement”. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 3 (2012): 1-12.
- Tomaso Vercellotti and Andrea Podesta. “Orthodontic microsurgery: A new surgically guided technique for dental movement”. The International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 27 (2007): 325-331.
Journal Menu
PubMed Indexed Article
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
LC-UV-MS and MS/MS Characterize Glutathione Reactivity with Different Isomers (2,2' and 2,4' vs. 4,4') of Methylene Diphenyl-Diisocyanate.
PMID: 31143884 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6536005
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Alzheimer's Pathogenesis, Metal-Mediated Redox Stress, and Potential Nanotheranostics.
PMID: 31565701 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6764777
EC Neurology
Differences in Rate of Cognitive Decline and Caregiver Burden between Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia: a Retrospective Study.
PMID: 27747317 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5065347
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Will Blockchain Technology Transform Healthcare and Biomedical Sciences?
PMID: 31460519 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6711478
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Is it a Prime Time for AI-powered Virtual Drug Screening?
PMID: 30215059 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6133253
EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Analysis of Evidence for the Combination of Pro-dopamine Regulator (KB220PAM) and Naltrexone to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder Relapse.
PMID: 30417173 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6226033
EC Anaesthesia
Arrest Under Anesthesia - What was the Culprit? A Case Report.
PMID: 30264037 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6155992
EC Orthopaedics
Distraction Implantation. A New Technique in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Direct Skeletal Attachment.
PMID: 30198026 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6124505
EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine
Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults aged 40-79: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012.
PMID: 30294723 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6169793
EC Dental Science
Important Dental Fiber-Reinforced Composite Molding Compound Breakthroughs
PMID: 29285526 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5743211
EC Microbiology
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among HIV Infected and HIV Uninfected Patients Treated at the 1o De Maio Health Centre in Maputo, Mozambique
PMID: 29911204 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5999047
EC Microbiology
Macrophages and the Viral Dissemination Super Highway
PMID: 26949751 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4774560
EC Microbiology
The Microbiome, Antibiotics, and Health of the Pediatric Population.
PMID: 27390782 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4933318
EC Microbiology
Reactive Oxygen Species in HIV Infection
PMID: 28580453 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5450819
EC Microbiology
A Review of the CD4 T Cell Contribution to Lung Infection, Inflammation and Repair with a Focus on Wheeze and Asthma in the Pediatric Population
PMID: 26280024 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4533840
EC Neurology
Identifying Key Symptoms Differentiating Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome from Multiple Sclerosis
PMID: 28066845 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5214344
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Paradigm Shift is the Normal State of Pharmacology
PMID: 28936490 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5604476
EC Neurology
Examining those Meeting IOM Criteria Versus IOM Plus Fibromyalgia
PMID: 28713879 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5510658
EC Neurology
Unilateral Frontosphenoid Craniosynostosis: Case Report and a Review of the Literature
PMID: 28133641 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5267489
EC Ophthalmology
OCT-Angiography for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Neuronal and Vascular Structure in Mouse Retina: Implication for Characterization of Retinal Neurovascular Coupling
PMID: 29333536 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5766278
EC Neurology
Longer Duration of Downslope Treadmill Walking Induces Depression of H-Reflexes Measured during Standing and Walking.
PMID: 31032493 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6483108
EC Microbiology
Onchocerciasis in Mozambique: An Unknown Condition for Health Professionals.
PMID: 30957099 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6448571
EC Nutrition
Food Insecurity among Households with and without Podoconiosis in East and West Gojjam, Ethiopia.
PMID: 30101228 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6086333
EC Ophthalmology
REVIEW. +2 to +3 D. Reading Glasses to Prevent Myopia.
PMID: 31080964 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6508883
EC Gynaecology
Biomechanical Mapping of the Female Pelvic Floor: Uterine Prolapse Versus Normal Conditions.
PMID: 31093608 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6513001
EC Dental Science
Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Breakthrough in Practical Clinical Applications with Advanced Wear Resistance for Dental Materials.
PMID: 31552397 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6758937
EC Microbiology
Neurocysticercosis in Child Bearing Women: An Overlooked Condition in Mozambique and a Potentially Missed Diagnosis in Women Presenting with Eclampsia.
PMID: 31681909 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6824723
EC Microbiology
Molecular Detection of Leptospira spp. in Rodents Trapped in the Mozambique Island City, Nampula Province, Mozambique.
PMID: 31681910 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6824726
EC Neurology
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Cross-Talk in Neurodegenerative and Eye Diseases.
PMID: 31528859 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6746603
EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Can Chronic Consumption of Caffeine by Increasing D2/D3 Receptors Offer Benefit to Carriers of the DRD2 A1 Allele in Cocaine Abuse?
PMID: 31276119 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6604646
EC Anaesthesia
Real Time Locating Systems and sustainability of Perioperative Efficiency of Anesthesiologists.
PMID: 31406965 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6690616
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
A Pilot STEM Curriculum Designed to Teach High School Students Concepts in Biochemical Engineering and Pharmacology.
PMID: 31517314 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6741290
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Toxic Mechanisms Underlying Motor Activity Changes Induced by a Mixture of Lead, Arsenic and Manganese.
PMID: 31633124 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6800226
EC Neurology
Research Volunteers' Attitudes Toward Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.
PMID: 29662969 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5898812
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.
PMID: 30215058 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6133268
News and Events
May Issue Release
We always feel pleasure to share our updates with you all. Here, notifying you that we have successfully released the May issue of respective journals and the latest articles can be viewed on the current issue pages.
Submission Deadline for Upcoming Issue
ECronicon delightfully welcomes all the authors around the globe for effective collaboration with an article submission for the upcoming issue of respective journals. Submissions are accepted on/before June 08, 2022.
Certificate of Publication
ECronicon honors with a "Publication Certificate" to the corresponding author by including the names of co-authors as a token of appreciation for publishing the work with our respective journals.
Best Article of the Issue
Editors of respective journals will always be very much interested in electing one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of the selected article will be honored with a "Best Article of the Issue" certificate.
Certifying for Review
ECronicon certifies the Editors for their first review done towards the assigned article of the respective journals.
Latest Articles
The latest articles will be updated immediately on the articles in press page of the respective journals.