
2Professor of Dentistry for Special Patients, Catholic University of Brasília, Brazil
3Professor of the Orthodontics Post-graduation Course – ABO Taguatinga, Brasilia, Brazil
Down Syndrome
Patients with special needs are those who have to live with diseases and/or health conditions that require special assistance due to the mental, physical, organic, social and/or behavioral changes caused by them [13].
Sleep is a natural and recurrent detachment and unresponsiveness state from the organism towards the environment. Many neurobiological processes take place during the sleep to keep the physical integrity of the body [7,15].
The Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome is considered as a disorder capable of fragmenting the sleep architecture, leading to functional, neurological and psychosocial consequences. A multidisciplinary professional team is extremely important to provide better and more complete assistance to patients affected by this syndrome [7,15].
The treatment given to sleep disorder children requires a multidisciplinary approach involving doctors, dentists and other health professionals [17]. Although there is no ultimate therapy against OSAS, the treatment must attain basic aims such as symptom relieve, morbidity reduction and improved quality of life [7,24].
- Khan R., et al. “Down syndrome- a case report”. Orthodontic Cyber Journal 1 (2008): 1-13.
- Macho VMP., et al. “Alterações craniofaciais e particularidades orais na trissomia 21”. Acta Pediatr Port 39.5 (2008): 190-194.
- Matthew LH and Stevens DB. “Obstruvtive sleep apnea”. Neurology International 3.15 (2011): 60-67.
- Fagondes SC and Moreira GA. “Apneia obstrutiva do sono em crianças”. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 36.2 (2010): 51-56.
- Kissman G., et al. “Apnéia obstrutiva do sono”. JBM 101.3 (2013): 37-43.
- Breslin JH., et al. “Parental report of sleep problems in Down syndrome”. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 55.11 (2011): 1086-1091.
- Silva ADL., et al. “Multidisciplinary in sleep apnea: a literature review”. Revista CEFAC16.5 (2014): 1621-1626.
- Salles C., et al. “Síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono: análise cefalométrica”. Revista brasileira deotorrinolaringologia71.3 (2005): 369-372.
- Gondim LMA., et al. “Estudo comparativo da história clinica e da polissonografia na síndrome da apnéia/ hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono”. Revista brasileira de otorrinolaringologia73.6 (2007): 733-737.
- Asensi JRV. “Síndrome de apneahipopneas de sueño (SAHS) em elniño”. Bol Pediatrics47.Suppl2 (2007): 14-22.
- Asensi JRV., et al. “Guía de diagnóstico y tratamientodel síndrome de apneas-hipopneasdelsueñoen El niño”. Ann Pediatr (Barc) 65.4 (2006): 364-376.
- Moreira G., et al. “Recomendações para o diagnóstico e tratamento da Síndrome da Apnéia Obstrutiva do sono na criança e no adolescente”. 1ª edição. São Paulo. 2013.
- Santangelo CN., et al. “Avaliação das características bucais de pacientes portadores de síndrome de Down da APAE de Mogi das Cruzes - SP”. Conscientiae Saúde 7.1 (2008): 29-34.
- Oliveira AC., et al. “Uso de serviços odontológicos por pacientes com síndrome de Down”. Rev Saúde Pública 42.4 (2008): 693-699.
- Nascimento AP., et al. “Qualidade do sono e tolerância ao esforço em portadores de apnéia obstrutiva do sono”. Rev Bras Med Esporte 20.2 (2014): 115-118.
- Uema SFH., et al. “Avaliação da função cognitiva da aprendizagem em crianças com distúrbios obstrutivos do sono”. Revista brasileira de otorrinolaringologia 73.3 (2007): 315-320.
- Esteller E. “Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome in Children: Beyond Adenotosillar Hypertrophy”. Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española 66.2 (2015): 111-119.
- Silva GA and Gaicon LA. “Síndrome das apnéias/hipopnéias obstrutivas do sono (SAHOS)”. Medicina, Ribeirão Preto, Simpósio: Distúrbios respiratórios39.2 (2006): 185-194.
- Togeiro SMGP and Smith AK. “Métodos diagnósticos nos distúrbios do sono”. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria27. Suppl1 (2005): 8-15.
- Bittencourt RA., et al. “Abordagem geral do paciente com síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono”. Rev Bras Hipertens16.3 (2009): 158-163.
- Chang SJ and Chae KY. “Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and sequelae”. Korean Journal of Pediatrics 53.10 (2010): 863-871.
- Ng DK., et al. “Obstrutive sleep apnea in children with Down Syndrome”. Singapore Medical Journal 47.9 (2006): 774-779.
- Rodrigues MM., et al. “Correlation between the Friedman Classification and the apnea-hypopnea Index in a population with OSAHS”. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology76.5 (2010): 557-560.
- Cielo CM and Marcus CL. “Obstructive sleep apnea in children with craniofacial syndromes”. PaediatricRespiratory Reviews16.3 (2015): 189-196.
- Levrini L., et al.“Modelo oronasal rehabilitation in children with obstrutive sleep apnea syndrome undergoing rapid maxillary expansion: Research review”. Sleep Science7.4 (2015): 225-233.
- Suárez M., et al. “Transtornos Del sueño em La niñez secundários a alteraciones em las vias respiratórias superiores”. Rev Med Univ Navarra 49.1 (2005): 53-58.
- Guimarães CVA., et al. “Relative rather than absolute macroglossia in patients with Down syndrome: implications for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea”. Pediatric Radiology 38.10 (2008): 1062-1067.
- Millán RP and Reyes DA. “La apnea Del sueño em El niño”. Vox Paediatrica 18.1 (2011): 77-85.
- Ngiam J and Cistulli PA. “Dental treatment for Paediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea”. Paediatric RespiratoryReviews16.3 (2015): 174-181.
Journal Menu
PubMed Indexed Article
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
LC-UV-MS and MS/MS Characterize Glutathione Reactivity with Different Isomers (2,2' and 2,4' vs. 4,4') of Methylene Diphenyl-Diisocyanate.
PMID: 31143884 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6536005
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Alzheimer's Pathogenesis, Metal-Mediated Redox Stress, and Potential Nanotheranostics.
PMID: 31565701 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6764777
EC Neurology
Differences in Rate of Cognitive Decline and Caregiver Burden between Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia: a Retrospective Study.
PMID: 27747317 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5065347
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Will Blockchain Technology Transform Healthcare and Biomedical Sciences?
PMID: 31460519 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6711478
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Is it a Prime Time for AI-powered Virtual Drug Screening?
PMID: 30215059 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6133253
EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Analysis of Evidence for the Combination of Pro-dopamine Regulator (KB220PAM) and Naltrexone to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder Relapse.
PMID: 30417173 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6226033
EC Anaesthesia
Arrest Under Anesthesia - What was the Culprit? A Case Report.
PMID: 30264037 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6155992
EC Orthopaedics
Distraction Implantation. A New Technique in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Direct Skeletal Attachment.
PMID: 30198026 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6124505
EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine
Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults aged 40-79: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012.
PMID: 30294723 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6169793
EC Dental Science
Important Dental Fiber-Reinforced Composite Molding Compound Breakthroughs
PMID: 29285526 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5743211
EC Microbiology
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among HIV Infected and HIV Uninfected Patients Treated at the 1o De Maio Health Centre in Maputo, Mozambique
PMID: 29911204 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5999047
EC Microbiology
Macrophages and the Viral Dissemination Super Highway
PMID: 26949751 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4774560
EC Microbiology
The Microbiome, Antibiotics, and Health of the Pediatric Population.
PMID: 27390782 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4933318
EC Microbiology
Reactive Oxygen Species in HIV Infection
PMID: 28580453 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5450819
EC Microbiology
A Review of the CD4 T Cell Contribution to Lung Infection, Inflammation and Repair with a Focus on Wheeze and Asthma in the Pediatric Population
PMID: 26280024 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4533840
EC Neurology
Identifying Key Symptoms Differentiating Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome from Multiple Sclerosis
PMID: 28066845 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5214344
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Paradigm Shift is the Normal State of Pharmacology
PMID: 28936490 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5604476
EC Neurology
Examining those Meeting IOM Criteria Versus IOM Plus Fibromyalgia
PMID: 28713879 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5510658
EC Neurology
Unilateral Frontosphenoid Craniosynostosis: Case Report and a Review of the Literature
PMID: 28133641 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5267489
EC Ophthalmology
OCT-Angiography for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Neuronal and Vascular Structure in Mouse Retina: Implication for Characterization of Retinal Neurovascular Coupling
PMID: 29333536 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5766278
EC Neurology
Longer Duration of Downslope Treadmill Walking Induces Depression of H-Reflexes Measured during Standing and Walking.
PMID: 31032493 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6483108
EC Microbiology
Onchocerciasis in Mozambique: An Unknown Condition for Health Professionals.
PMID: 30957099 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6448571
EC Nutrition
Food Insecurity among Households with and without Podoconiosis in East and West Gojjam, Ethiopia.
PMID: 30101228 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6086333
EC Ophthalmology
REVIEW. +2 to +3 D. Reading Glasses to Prevent Myopia.
PMID: 31080964 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6508883
EC Gynaecology
Biomechanical Mapping of the Female Pelvic Floor: Uterine Prolapse Versus Normal Conditions.
PMID: 31093608 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6513001
EC Dental Science
Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Breakthrough in Practical Clinical Applications with Advanced Wear Resistance for Dental Materials.
PMID: 31552397 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6758937
EC Microbiology
Neurocysticercosis in Child Bearing Women: An Overlooked Condition in Mozambique and a Potentially Missed Diagnosis in Women Presenting with Eclampsia.
PMID: 31681909 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6824723
EC Microbiology
Molecular Detection of Leptospira spp. in Rodents Trapped in the Mozambique Island City, Nampula Province, Mozambique.
PMID: 31681910 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6824726
EC Neurology
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Cross-Talk in Neurodegenerative and Eye Diseases.
PMID: 31528859 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6746603
EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Can Chronic Consumption of Caffeine by Increasing D2/D3 Receptors Offer Benefit to Carriers of the DRD2 A1 Allele in Cocaine Abuse?
PMID: 31276119 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6604646
EC Anaesthesia
Real Time Locating Systems and sustainability of Perioperative Efficiency of Anesthesiologists.
PMID: 31406965 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6690616
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
A Pilot STEM Curriculum Designed to Teach High School Students Concepts in Biochemical Engineering and Pharmacology.
PMID: 31517314 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6741290
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Toxic Mechanisms Underlying Motor Activity Changes Induced by a Mixture of Lead, Arsenic and Manganese.
PMID: 31633124 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6800226
EC Neurology
Research Volunteers' Attitudes Toward Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.
PMID: 29662969 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5898812
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.
PMID: 30215058 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6133268
News and Events
February Issue Release
We always feel pleasure to share our updates with you all. Here, notifying you that we have successfully released the February issue of respective journals and the latest articles can be viewed on the current issue pages.
Submission Deadline for Upcoming Issue
ECronicon delightfully welcomes all the authors around the globe for effective collaboration with an article submission for the upcoming issue of respective journals. Submissions are accepted on/before February 20, 2023.
Certificate of Publication
ECronicon honors with a "Publication Certificate" to the corresponding author by including the names of co-authors as a token of appreciation for publishing the work with our respective journals.
Best Article of the Issue
Editors of respective journals will always be very much interested in electing one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of the selected article will be honored with a "Best Article of the Issue" certificate.
Certifying for Review
ECronicon certifies the Editors for their first review done towards the assigned article of the respective journals.
Latest Articles
The latest articles will be updated immediately on the articles in press page of the respective journals.