Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a systemic disease linked to the progression and severity of periodontal diseases.

Objective: The current study aimed to assess the clinical and the microbiological effect of Khat (Catha edulis) chewing habit on the epidemiology of periodontal diseases of two different groups’ type 2 diabetic patients in the Arabian Peninsula.

Materials and Methodology: 400 type 2 diabetic patients (between 20-60 years) were enrolled in the present study. They consisted of 200 Khat chewers and 200 non-Khat chewers. The case history of all patients was recorded. Moreover, plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), calculus index (CI), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Sub-gingival plaque samples were obtained for investigation using the anaerobic culture technique. All data was collected then assorted and evaluated statistically by utilizing SPSS and the difference in a ratio calculated by Chi-square test.

During the comparison between the groups in the present study, P-value at < 0.05 (p < 0.05) was considered as statistically significant difference and at <0.001 (p < 0.001) high statistically significant difference.

Results: There were significant differences in the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis in group I and group II where the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis was more in group II than group I. Additionally, there were high significance differences in PLI, GI, CI, PPD, and CAL (p < 0.001). On the other hand, there were statistically significant differences in the comparison of aerobes and anaerobes bacterial colonies/1.5μ accounts between group I and group II.

Conclusion: At the end of the present study, we reached that there was a close link between type 2 diabetes millions, the epidemiology of periodontal diseases, and Khat chewing habits of two different groups of type 2 diabetic patients in the Arabian Peninsula.

Keywords: Arabian Peninsula; Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease; Khat (Catha edulis) Chewing Habit; Type 2 Diabetic Patients

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