Abstract

Objectives: Assessment of relevant social and behavioral factors can help understand their relationship with periodontal disease (PD) occurrence in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Study Design: This is a cross-sectional work stemming from the study titled “Lipid lowering agents use in periodontitis and diabetes study” (LLIPDS).

Methods: In this study, 260 participants with T2D underwent a dental examination and completed an interview. Probing pocket depth (PPD) was measured at six sites per tooth, excluding the 3^rd molars. Moderate/severe PD was defined as having a high (2^nd and 3^rd tertiles) percent of tooth sites with PPD ≥ 4 mm. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the association between social-behavioral factors and the occurrence of PD.

Results: Moderate/severe PD cases (n = 155, 62%) were more likely to be younger, male, less educated, former smokers, and visited their dentists less frequently compared to no/mild PD cases. Age, gender, educational level, alcohol and smoking status, dental flossing and brushing habits, BMI and dental visits were incorporated in the model. Male gender (OR: 2.04, 95%CI: 1.15 - 3.62), lower educational level (OR: 1.99, 95%CI: 1.10 - 3.59) and less frequent dental visits (OR: 2.13, 95%CI: 1.13 - 4.01) were independently associated with increased PD occurrence.

Conclusion: Male gender, lower educational level and lower frequency of dental visits are social and behavioral factors that may contribute to the disparities in the occurrence of moderate/severe PD in Hispanic individuals with T2D.

Practical Implications: Results can be used to provide health education to T2D individuals, especially men, regarding the importance of dental visits in the outcomes of PD.

Keywords: Periodontal Disease; Type 2 Diabetes; Social Behavioral Factors; Oral Hygiene; Cross-Sectional Study, Public Health

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