Abstract

Introduction: Dental caries and periodontal diseases are affected by many factors that influences their severity or progression. There is a strong correlation between hormonal changes during pregnancy and women's health including oral health.

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of pregnancy on dental caries prevalence, periodontal conditions and salivary pH.

Material and Method: Cross sectional study was conducted including (223) pregnant and non-pregnant women of an age 18 - 40 years attending to primary health care centers and Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH) in Makkah city. Data was collected through two ways: self-administrated questionnaire and clinical assessment to measure three oral parameters using DMFT index (Organization, 1997), Periodontal Disease Index (Ramfjord, 1967) and saliva pH.

Result: Statistically significant difference (p = 0.03) was detected between pregnant and non-pregnant women regarding the decayed components of DMFT index, with mean value (3.910 and 3.185 respectively). On the other hand, salivary pH was more alkaline among non-pregnant than pregnant women with statistically significant (p = 0.000). Regarding periodontal statues both groups showed nearly similar results with no significant difference. However, when comparing between the pregnancy trimesters we found development of deep pockets (> 6 mm) in the second and third trimesters.

Conclusion: The results show higher caries prevalence with low salivary pH among pregnant women than non-pregnant. Development of deep pockets among pregnant women specially in the last trimesters of pregnancy.

Keywords: Pregnancy; Dental Caries; Periodontal Disease; Salivary pH; DMFT

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