Abstract

The axis (C2) vertebra was observed in ox and compared it with the similar bone in different species of animals as to Horse, Dog, Sheep and Goat. The axis of ox was positioning cranially with spout like odontoid process which called as the dens. It was projected from the body. Due to its tooth like process, it was also known as vertebra dentata. The blade like supraspinous cranial process had increasing height and thickness towards its caudal progression, however, its infraspinous process was observed as the median ridge. In horses, the axis had longer body than the ox. The dens was conical and narrow. Cranially the undulated saddle shaped articular area was observed. The dorsal spine was more massive but it was dividing into two ridges that terminating at the posterior articular processes. The ventral articular surface of the dens had merging with cranial articular surface. The axis of dog had cylindrical longer dens. Large and heightened spine as the pendant was observed, which was terminating caudally by the tuberosity of two crests. The axis of sheep had small, blunt and convex dorsal spinous process without remarkable ventral spine. The axis of goat had thin and heighted dorsal spinous process that overlaps the adjacent cranial and caudal cervical vertebrae.

Keywords: Anatomy; Axis; Epistropheus; Ox; Horse; Dog; Sheep; Goat

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