Welcome to ECronicon

Short Communication

Volume 2 Issue 2 - 2016

The Il2’S Problem, Il4 Evidence in Asterias Rubens Sea Star

Michel Leclerc¹* and Nicolas Kresdorn²

¹556 Rue Isabelle Rome 45640 Sandillon, France

²GenXPro, Frankfurt, Germany

*Corresponding Author: Michel Leclerc, 556 Rue Isabelle Rome, 45640 Sandillon, France.

Received: February 23, 2016; Published: April 07, 2016

Citation: Michel Leclerc and Nicolas Kresdorn. “The Il2’S Problem, Il4 Evidence in Asterias Rubens Sea Star”. EC Bacteriology and Virology Research 2.2 (2016): 74-76.

Abstract

IL2-like activity was described in sea star, in the past but first sea star genome studies did not confirm the presence of IL2 in A. Rubens. A new genomic survey of Interleukins: IL2 and IL4 were done, in this invertebrate

Keywords: Immune receptors; Interleukin; Transcription

Introduction

Echinoderms occupy a critical and largely unexplored phylogenetic vantage point from which to infer both the early evolution of bilaterian immunity and the underpinnings of the invertebrate innate and its adaptative immunity. Here, we present a survey of the Asterias Rubens sea star genome for genes associated with immunity. In a preliminary work [1] IL1 and IL1R were detected but not IL2, IL4. Our purpose was to research potential interleukins: IL2, IL4 immune receptors, regulators and effectors, particularly, including unprecedented expansions of innate pathogen recognition genes.

Materials and Methods

Immunized and non-immunized A. Rubens sea stars to HRP (Horse-radish peroxydase) were used. Their axial organs were removed. RNA was extracted using Trizol (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer instructions. Following steps were already described [1], the cDNA was sequenced on the illumina GSII platform sequencing 1. 100 bp from one side of the approximately 200 bp fragments. Sequences were assembled using Velvet [2].

Results

Immunized sea star genome shows a first result in the Table 1

1) tr|B2RBI8|B2RBI8_HUMAN cDNA, FLJ95535, highly similar to Homo sapiens transcription factor 8
(represses interleukin 2 expression) (TCF8), mRNA, OS = Homo sapiens PE = 2, SV = 1.
2) tr|A2RRH1|A2RRH1_HUMAN Interleukin 4 induced 1 OS = Homo sapiens GN = IL4I1, PE = 2, SV = 1

Table 1: Sea star similarities to human tcf 8 (1), to IL4 induced 1 (2).

One contig (Contig 12015|m.10216) could be annotated via BLASTX to Homo sapiens “cDNA, FLJ95535, highly similar to Homo sapiens transcription factor 8 (represses interleukin 2 expression) (TCF8), mRNA” from the TREMBL database, with an e-value of 3e-40. On an aligned region of 96 amino acids, 79 positive and 71 identical amino acids were found.

5'GGAGGATTCACTGGGTGAACTCTCCCCAAACCGCGACCGCAGGAGACGAGATCGTCCTCT ACGTACCTCTGCTGGACTCTACTCATGCACCCAGTGCCCCAAGACATTCCAGAAGCACAG CTCCCTGCTCAGACACGTGTACGAGCACTCAGGTGAGCCAAAAAGTAAGCGTCCACACGA GTGTAAGGAGTGCGGCAAGGCCTTTAAGCACAAGCACCACCTCATGGAGCACGCGCGTCT TCATAGTGGTGAGAAGCCATACCAGTGTGACAAGTGCCTTAAGAAGTTCTCTCACTCCGG CTCCTACAGCCAGCACATGAACCATCGCTACAGCTACTGCCGTAAAGAGGACAATCTCAA CAGGGGGATGAGCAAAGGTGGTATGGATGAAGATGAGGAGATGATGGAAGATGGAGAACT TGAAAGATGTAAGCAGAGTGGG3'

Figure 1: Stcf 8 sequence (5’-3’).

Another contig allows us to report the IL4 obtained sequence in immunized sea stars to HRP One contig (Contig10756|m.9341) could be annotated via BLASTX to Homo sapiens “Interleukin 4 induced 1” from the TREMBL database, with an e-value of 2.28e-16. On an aligned region of 453 amino acids, 187 positive and 105 identical amino acids were found.

5'TCTGGTTGTTGAGGCTCGAGATCGTCTCGGAGGTCGAACCCACACTCTGGTGGACCCCTC CATTGGTTATGTGGATTTGGGCGGAGCTTACGTCGGCCCCACCCAGAATCGTCTTCTCCG TATGGCCAAGGAACTGGGCGTGGAAAACTACAAGATCAACGAAGCTGAGAGGCTTGTTTG GGTTGATAATCAACGTGGTTACCCTTTCAAGGGATCATGGCCCAAGTTCTGGAACCCTCT CGTCAATCTGGATTTGAATAACGCTATCCGAGAGATCGACAGACTTGGAGATATGATTTC AGTGGATGCACCTTGGGACGCACCAAATGCCGAAGAGCTGGATAACATGACGATGAAAGA ATGGATCGACAAGACATGTTGGACAGAAAGCATCCGCCGTCTTTTTATTACAACTTGTGA GGTTGGCGTTTGCATGGAACCCCAAGAGCTATCGGTCCTCTTCTTCGCGTGGTATCTGAA ACAGACAGGTGGATACGTTCGATTTATATCGAGTGATAATGGCGGCCAGGAGCGGAAGTT TGTTGGTGGATCTCAGCAGATAAGCATTAAGATGGGAGAGAAGATCGGCAAAGAGAACAT CAAGATGGAGAGTCCAGTAGCTCAGATTAATCAGAGTGAGGAGTCTGTTTCTGTGCACAC CATCAACGGAGATGTCTATCAGGCTAAGTACGTGATCAGCGCAATGGCCCCACCTTTGAC CCAGAAGATTCACTATGACCCGCCCCTGCCTCCTAGGAGAAACCAGCTGATATCCAGAGC CCCTGTAGGCAGTGTCATCAAGTGCATGGTGTACTACGACAAGACATGGTGGAAAGATAG AGATTTTTGTGGCTCCACCTTCAACGTTGACCCAGCAAGTCCGATGGTGTATTCACTTGA TGACACAAAACCTGATGGCAGTCACCCAGCCCTTATCTGTTTTGTGGCTGCTAACAAGGC CAGAGAGTTCTGCGGGATCAGCAAAGAGGAAAGACGAGACAGGCTGTGCAGATGTTACAG TGCTGCCTTCGGTGGAGCAGAGGAAGCCTTACACCCTATCAACTACAAGGAGAAGAACTG GATGAATGAGCAGTACTCCGGTGGCTGCTACACCTCTACCTATGGCCCTGGTGTTCTGAC TCAACTTGGAAAAGAGCTCCGTAAACCATTTGGCAGATTGTATTTTGCTGGGACTGAAAC TGCGACACACTGGGCTGGCTACATGGAAGGAGCTATACAGGCTGGAGAGAGAGCTGCTAG GGAGATTCAGCACAGAATGGGAAAGATTGACGAGAATGAAATCTGGCAGGATGAACCAGA ATCAAAGGAGGTGCCAGCCCTTCCGATACCGACCACCTTCTACGAACGCAACGCTCCATC TGTACCTGGCTTGTTTAAATTCATTGGTCGTACTGTTGTCTTGTCTGCTGTTATCGGAGT CTTCGCGATCTGCCGCCTGAAGAAAAAATAAACCACATCGATCGACGAGCCGAGACAAAC CAACTCCTGAAGATATTCCTGAGTGAGCCAAACTCCATTCATAGAAAAATTATTCAATTT AATGCGATTCATTGAGAGATTTATTTCAAGATATTGTCTTTGAGAAAGAAAAAAATACTG TCAATATAAACAAATGTGGAGGCGCGTTCAAACAAGCAGAGTTTGTCAAGAAACGTCCTA CAAAAAAACCGAAACAAAACCACAAGTTTACAAAGGTAAAAAAATAAACAAAATAATTGA TTATATTGCATGACTTTAATCATGTGATGTGGTTGAATGCCGGCAGAGTTACTATTTTAT TTTATTAATTTGGTGTTTAGGGTTCTATTAGTTTTTGGTTTAGTAGCATTTGTTTCTTTA GGTAAGTGGCAACAATTTCAAATTAATACTGCGATCCCAGTTTCCATAAACAAAGTGTTT CAATGAACTAACCCCTAGGGCTCAGTTTCATGGAACTGCTTAAGCATAAAAAGTTGCTAA GCACAGACAAATTATGCTAACCCGATTAACGTTACCAGCTAAAATACAGCTATACATGTA CACAATGTAAATGGTATCCTGCTTAAATGTGCTTAGCGGGAAAATTTCTGCTTGCCACTT GTGTGATAACTAGTGATATATCACAAAACTGTTATCTTGTTTATTGAATAGCTCGCCTTG TACATGTAGGACCTTTTCTTTTTTTCTTGCTGGACGTATGAAAGTCAATTAATCCTTAAA AAAGGAAACTGAAGTAATGGAAAGAAAGTCAAGATTTGTGTGAAGTTGCAGTGGAAGCTG TCAAAGTTTCCTCTGAAGAATGATTCTGTTTGAAATAAGATGGTCACTTTGTGGATGACT GTATGAGGCGCCATAAATATGCCTTTTTTAAATAATAATAATAATTATTTTTGTAGGTTT TATTATTATCACATTAGTTTGAATGGTGACTTTGAAGTACACACTGAA3'

Figure 2: Sequence of IL4 induced 1.

Discussion

We have learnt that sea star T lymphocytes can release soluble lymphokin mediators, after stimulation with P.W.M (Pokeweed mitogen) sepharose 6 MB beads with mitogenic properties [3]. IL2-like was discovered in Legac., et al. [4], using flow cytometric discrimination, but first genomic studies [1] didn’t corroborate this cytometric result. So, recently, we took back genomic works. We mainly found TCF8, which represses interleukin 2 expressions in man, but what did it do in sea star? Is it an indirect evidence of IL2 in Asterias Rubens? It remains enigmatic. We also found IL4 in immunized sea stars only. IL4 induced 1: an interleukin induced by B lymphocytes and why not by sea star B lymphocytes? [1]. The possible absence of true IL2 may reflect the difficulties of identifying these rapidly evolving genes, which have slow protein domain complexity and complex intron - exon structure. Nevertheless, members of most cytokine and chemokine families and their receptors were detected in the sea star genome.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that a true cytokine network exists in Asterias Rubens genome.

Bibliography

Leclerc M. “Innate and Adaptative Immunity in the Sea-Star Asterias Rubens”. American Journal of Immunology 8.3 (2012): 78-83.
Zerbino DR and E Birney. “Velvet: algorithms for de novo short read assembly using de Bruijn graphs”. Genome Research 18.5 (2008): 821-829.
Leclerc MC., et al. “Properties of Cell Subpopulations of Starfish Axial Organ: In Vitro Effect of Pokeweed Mitogen and Evi dence of Lymphokine-like Substances”. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 14.3 (1981): 281-284.
Legac E., et al. “Primitive Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors in Invertebrates: the Sea Star Asterias rubens as a Model of Study”. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 44.4 (1996): 375-380.

Copyright: © 2016 Michel Leclerc and Nicolas Kresdorn. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.