
2Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, USA
3Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
At these low pH values dissolution of iron, aluminum, manganese and boron is favoured. In these kinds of soils, Al toxicity is commonly affecting mainly root growth [2] reducing the uptake of other nutrients. Ritchie [3] & Eyupoglu [4] states that negative effects of low pH on soil fertility also include phosphate precipitation as primary orthophosphate (H2PO4) or aluminum phosphates reducing the availability of N and P. Fertility effects at these low pHs are further exacerbated by aluminum toxicity as its concentrations increase to 1-4 mg Mn per kg of soil [5,6]. The purpose of this research was to assess the general acidity status of Edirne soils and to examine the relationship of pH with Ca+2, Mg+2 and Al3+ contents of acidified agricultural soils representative of Edirne Province.
Year | (NH4)2SO4 consumed (tons) | Year | (NH4)2SO4 consumed (tons) |
2001 | 8649 | 2008 | 23877 |
2002 | 8649 | 2009 | 29834 |
2003 | 9173 | 2010 | 27043 |
2004 | 14043 | 2011 | 28147 |
2005 | 19479 | 2012 | 27795 |
2006 | 22560 | 2013 | 28329 |
2007 | 17295 |
Soil samples were taken from 30 randomly selected fields in Edirne Province that had been under a wheat/sunflower rotation for approximately 30 years. This rotation is typical for this region. Most of these soils were on vertisols with a smectite clay mineralogy and were naturally circumneutral.
In each field we collected several random samples from the top 20 cm and composited them. The number of samples depended on field size [8]. For the analysis small aliquots were taken from the composited samples. pH was measured with a glass electrode after mixing 1 part of soil with 2.5 parts of water [9]. In soil samples, exchangeable Ca, Mg were measured by flame photometry [10] while Al analysis was made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry [11].
Descriptive statistics of sample distribution and correlation coefficients among pH, Ca, Mg and Al of the 30 soil samples were determined with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test were made using Statistical software [12].
Property | Mean | Std. Dev. | CoV | Min | Max | 95% Confidence Limits | |
pH | 5.11 | 0.46 | 9.0% | 4.29 | 6.02 | 5.28 | 4.93 |
Ca | 1093 | 598 | 54.7% | 190 | 2516 | 1317 | 870 |
Mg | 174 | 93.1 | 53.4% | 23.0 | 385 | 209 | 139 |
Al | 2.93 | 4.18 | 143% | 0.02 | 18.6 | 1.37 | 4.48 |
X | Y | Model | Intercept | Coefficient | R2 | p |
pH | Ca | Linear | -2639 | 736 | 0.320 | < 0.0008 |
pH | Mg | Linear | -314 | 97 | 0.213 | < 0.008 |
pH | Al | Linear | 13.7 | -2.36 | 0.402 | < 0.0003 |
Al | Ca | Y = Ax 0.25 + B | 1998 | -817 | 0.293 | < 0.0010 |
Al | Mg | Y = Ax 0.25 + B | 364 | -117 | 0.557 | < 0.0001 |

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